Biology Questions and Answers
- What are the main
divisions of the hypophysis?
What are their functions?
The hypophysis is divided into twoportions: the adenohypophysis, or
anterior hneurohypophysis, or posteriorypophysis, and the (^)
hypophysis.
In the adenohypophysis two hormonesthat act directly, the growth hormone
(GH) and the prolactin,hormones, i.e., hormones that regulate and four tropic (^)
other endocrine glands, thadrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTe (^) H),
the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH),
the luteinizing hormone (LH) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) arand the (^) e
produced.
The neurohypohysis stores atwo hormones produced in thend releases
hypothalamus, oantidiuretic hormone (ADH, orxytocin and the
vasopressin).
- What is the relation
between the hypothalamus
and the hypophysis?
The hypothalamus is a part of the brain
situated hypothalamus gjust above the hypophysis.ets peripheral and The
central neural impulses that trigger
response of its neurosecraxons of these cells go down to thetory cells.e The
adenohypophysis to regulate the
hipophyseal secrnegative feedback. Whetions by en the plasmameans of (^)
levels of adenohypophyseal hormones
are too high the hypothalamus dthis information and commands thetectse
interruption of the production of the
hormone. When the blood level of an
adenohypophyseal hohypothalamus stimulates thrmone is low te secretionhe (^)
of the hormone.
The hypothalamichormones released by the cells produce the
neurohypophysis. These hormones aretransported by their axons to the
hypophysis and then released in the
circulation.
- What are the hormones
secreted by the
adenohypophysis? What are
their respective functions?
The adenohypophisys secretes GH
(growth (adrenocorticotropichormone), prolactin, hormone), TSH ACTH (^)
(thyroid-stimulating hormone), FSH
(follicle-(luteinizinstimulating g hormone).hormone) and LH
GH, also known as somatotropichormone (STH), acts upon bones, (^)
cartilages angrowth of these tissues. Prolactin isd muscles promoting the the (^)
hormone that in women stimulates the
production anmammary glands. The ACTH is thed secretion of milk by the
hormone that stimulates the cortical
portion and secrete thof the adrenal glae cortical hormonesnd to produce
(glucocorticoids). The TSH is the
hormone that stimulates ththe thyroid gland increasing e activitythe of
production and secretion of its
hormones T3 gonadotropic hormone, i.e., itand T4. The FSH is a
stimulates the gonads and in women it
acts upon the ovarigrowth of follicles, in men it stimulateses inducing the (^)
spermatogenesis. The LH is also a
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