Biology Questions and Answers
Immune System
- What is the function of the
immune system?
The immune system performs specific
defense against agents, the antigthat are foreign or harmful to the body.ens,
Exogenous antigwith the skin or entering the airway, thens are often in contacte (^)
digestive tube and the genital orifices
and mucosae. Tthe circulation dirhey can also peectly through wounds.netrate
- What are the two groups of
defense mechanisms of the
body against foreign or
harmful agents? What is the
difference between them?
The body has many dmechanisms against foefensereign pathogenic (^)
agents. These mechainto two groups: the specificnisms are divided
mechanisms and the unspecific
mechanisms.are part of the imm The specific mechanismsune system and
comprehend the humoral response and the cellular immunimmunee
response that respectively produce
antibodispecific antigens. The unspecifices and defense cells against
mechanisms fight in a general manner
any type of antigen (they do not havespecificity) and in them a series of
defense means are included, like the
skin barrier against fomucous and ciliated epithelium oreign agents, thef the
airway, inflammation (the inflammatory
response) and the action of unspecific
proteins and defense cells (e.g.,
interferons and macrophages).
- What is inflammation?
Inflammation the unspecific defense systemis the initial response of versus
aggressionsaggressions against may be caused by the body (the
infectious parasites, chemical
contamination,like heat and fire, autoimmu trauma, physicalnity, etc.). agents
During inflammation a series of
unspecific leukocytes pcirculation are attracted to thresent in thee injury (^)
site in an attempt to destroy harmful
agents and to isolateof the tissue. the affected region
- How does the inflammation
mechanism work?
When some tissue injhistamine and other vasoactiveury occurs
substancesinflammation) ar (called me released, ediators othey causef (^)
vasodilation and the blood flow to the
affected site increasleukocytes present in the blood arees. Granulocyte
attracted to the site of the injury by
substancesfactors also r known as chemeleased by the injuredotactic (^)
tissue athe area. The granulocytesnd by the active gra exit thenulocytes in
capillaries by diapedesis, i.e., using
pseudopods. Mthe region are activatedacrophages present in too. These cells (^)
flood the extracellular space of the
affected area harmful agents, to prevent tissuetrying to kill or eliminate
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