Biology Questions and Answers

(Greg DeLong) #1

Biology Questions and Answers


making more difficult the proliferation of
pathogenic bacteria within the organ.



  1. How are antivenoms
    produced? Why are
    antivenoms an example of
    passive immunization?


Antivenoms are obtained by the


following is inoculated iprocess: the venom (antignto other mammals, e.g.,en) (^)
in horses; these animals make specific
antibodifrom the animals is collected es against the antigen; bloodand
purified to get the antibodies; this
antibody-coantivenom. Wntaining hen a human being ismaterial is the (^)
infected by the antigen the specific
antivenom is gaction against the antigen occurs.iven to him/her and the
Antivenoms may also bas a preventive measure administeree and, since it isd (^)
basically made of specific
immunoglobulins against some the process is an example of passiveantigen,
immunization.



  1. What is the difference
    between homologous and
    heterologous
    immunoglobulins?


Homologous immhuman (from the same spunoglobulin is thecies) e
immunoglobulin. In case in animals as in veterinary pof inoculationrocedures


homologous immfrom the blood of animalsunoglobulin is that of the sam (^) e
species of the animal undergoing
treatment. Heterologous
immunoglobulin is that obtained from
animalsindividual of different species finto which it will berom th e
inoculated.
The homologous immusafer since it is collectenoglobulin isd from beings of (^)
the same which it will be inoculatespecies of the individual id and thus then (^)
risk of the antibodies to be recognized
as foreign and to trigger an immuresponse is lower. Heterologous ne
immunoglobulins are more prone to
being destroyeof the individual.d by the own antibodies



  1. What are natural active
    immunization and artificial
    active immunization?
    Natural active immuwhich a previous natural innization is that infection


induces the primary immuspecific memory cells are produced andne response, (^)
the individual becomes immune to new
infections with thhappens in diseases that affect peoplee antigen. This is what
only once in life, like mumps and
chickenpox.
Artificial active immunization is that in
which the caused by the inoculation primary immune response isinto an
individual antigens. Tof speciallyhis is the case with vaccines. prepared



  1. Why are vaccines made of
    the own disease agent or of
    fragments of it?
    The goal of vaccines is to artificiallyinduce a specific primary immune


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