Biology Questions and Answers
response (and the consequent formation
of antibodies and memory cells)concerning a given infection or diseas (^) e
in order to immunize the individual
against infectionsagent in the future. by the pathogenic
Since each antibody does not actagainst a variety of antigens but instead (^)
it acts only against its specific antigen,
it is necto make contactessary for the imm in some way with tune systemhe (^)
antigen against which the immunization
is wantspecific molecular ped. The reconnaissance oortions of eachf (^)
antigen produce the specific variable causes the immune system toportion of (^)
the immunoglobulins to attack that
antigen. immunization it is neTherefore to induce the activecessary to
inoculate into the body small parts of
the infectious agentirely (dead or inactivated).ent or the agent
- What are the types of
antigenic agents that may
constitute vaccines?
Vaccines can bagents of disease, oe constituted of inactivated af deadgents (^)
of disease, of inactivated toxins or of
fragments of the infectious agent.
Examples otype of antigenic agents arf some vaccines ane: BCG,d their
inactivated tuberculosis bacilli;
antitetanicantidiphtheric, inactivated toxin; vaccine, inactivated toxin;
antipolio Salk, dead poliovirus; antipolio
Sabin, attenpoliovirus. uated (inactivated)
- Why doesn't a long lasting
vaccine against common cold
exist yet?
Viruses that present a hrate like the virus that causes tigh mutationhe
commoaction on cold f vaccines aescape gainst them. Afteasily from theer a (^)
primary immune response (natural or
artificiallythe next season induced) against the virus inof infection new mutant (^)
resistant strains appear and the
protection oresponse of the last season is lost.btained with the immune (One (^)
could say that tha form of “immunization”e high mutation rate is found by
these viruses.)
- Why are vaccines used in
the prevention but not in the
treatment of infections? Why
can antivenom serums be
used in prevention and
treatment?
Vaccines are not used in the treatment
of infections bthe primary immunecause e response thatthey depend on
takes about a week to occur and is not
so intense serums however are inoculateand effective. Antivenomd into the (^)
circulation antreatment because td used as an immhey are made of aediate (^)
great amount of immunoglobulin
(antiboditheir respective spes) which is pecific venom.otent against
- What is the DNA vaccine?
The DNA vaccine, or a vaccination technology basDNA vaccination,ed on is
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