Biology Questions and Answers

(Greg DeLong) #1

Biology Questions and Answers


Genetic


Engineering



  1. What is biotechnology?


Biotechbiological knnology owledge to obtaiis the application on newf (^)
techniques, materials and compounds of
pharmaceindustrial and scientificutical, medical, agrarian, use, i.e., of (^)
practical use.
The pioneer fields of biotechnology were
agriculture anowadays many nd the food industry bother practical fieldsut (^)
use its techniques.



  1. What is genetic
    engineering?


Genetic engineering is the use of


genetic knowledge to artificiallymanipulate genes: It is one of the fields (^)
of biotechnology.



  1. At the present level of the
    biotechnology what are the
    main techniques of genetic
    engineering?


The main techengineering today niques of geneticare: the recombi (^) nant
DNA technoloengineering itself) igy (also called n which pieces ofgenetic (^)
genes from an organism are inserted
into the genetic material oorganism producing recombinantf another
beings; the nucleus transplantation
technology, popularly “cloning”, in which a nucleus of a cell isknown as (^)
grafted into a enucleated egg cell of the
same species to the donor (of the nucleus) increate a genetic copy dividual; of
the technology of DNA amplification, or
PCR (pallows millions rolymerase ceplicationshain reaction), of chosen that
fragments of a DNA molecule.
The recombinant DNA tused to create transgenic organisms,echnology is (^)
like mutant insulinThe nucleus transplantation t-producing bacteria.echnology (^)
is in its initial development but it is thebasis, for example, of the creation of
“Dolly” the sheep. PCR has numerous
practicaldetect microor uses, as in ganismsmedical tests to present in blood (^)
and tissues, DNA fingerprint and
obtainmeresearch.nt of DNA samples for



  1. What are restriction
    enzymes? How do these
    enzymes participate in the
    recombinant DNA technology?


Restrictionendonucleases, enzymes, or are enzymes sprestrictionecialized (^)
in the cutting of DNA fragments each
acting molecule. upon specific sites of the DNARestriction enzymes are used (^)
in the recombinant DNA technology to
obtain with pmolecules to brecision pe later insieces oerted into othf DNA (^) er
DNA molecules cut by the same
enzymes.
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