380 INDEX
Iran
American hostages, 343
Book of Kings, The (Firdausi) and,
125, 186
British/Russian zones of influence,
238
CIA coup/Shah, 334
education, 261, 276
European deals/control, 236-238
industrialization, 276
nationalism and, 187, 310, 334
oil, 314-315, 334
Qajar dynasty, 230, 236-238, 261,
278-279, 304, 314-315
revolution background/outcome,
339-341,343-344,346
secular modernism, 261, 276,
277-279,304,305,333-334,355
Shi'ism, 185, 186, 187
views of U.S., 334-335
war with Iraq, 344-345
See also Safavids of Persia
Iraq
creation, 311, 316
Kuwait annexation/effects, 345-346
oil, 316
Saddam Hussein, 331, 344-345,
346, 351-352
UN sanctions, 345-346
U.S. war against, 351-352
war with Iran/U.S. support, 344-345
See also Mesopotamia
Isfahan, 189
Ishmael, 17, 20
Islam
broad meaning of, 356-357
community vs. personal salvation,
166,209,351
description/lifestyle (seventeenth
century), 195-198, 196(fig.)
at end of Omar's kbalifate, 47, 48-49
growth of, xvi(fig.)
shared references, 197-198
stories/lessons and, xxi-xxii
as "the world," 117, 119, 133, 142,
198
three kbalifates, 118-119, 120-121,
121(fig.), 128-129
Islam beginnings
battle success reasons, 47-49
battles, 25-28, 37, 43-46, 55, 57, 74
conversions to, 20, 22, 24, 25, 26,
28,29-30
documentation/stories, 33-35
as political entity, 24-25
religious freedom and, 22, 39,
46-47,48,78
See also specific individuals
Islam in Modern History (Smith), xvii
Islam-West relationship (today)
democracy and, 349, 351-353, 355,
356
incompatibilities, 353-356
religion and, 350-351, 356
views of each other, 349-353
women's role, 354-356
Islamic doctrine/law
after Mohammed's death, 93
argument by analogy, 50, 96-97,
105-106
core creed and, 78
during Mohammed's life, 92
five pillars, 91-92
Omar and, 49, 50-52
shades of gray and, 103, 113
structure, 359(fig.)
See also Hadith; Qur'an; Scholars;
Shari' a; Ulama
Islamic Jihad, 332, 344
Islamic Salvation Party, 344
"Islamic Socialism," 326, 330
Ismail (Egypt), 243-244