Index 593Out of control process, 491
Output options, 522–523
Output sheet, 33
Overparametrized model, 406
P
Page Layout tab, 8
Paired data
defi ned, 244
non-parametric test applied,
250–255
t test applied, 244–250
Parameters, 185, 205–206
estimates of regression, 327–328
location, 427
trend, 458
Parametric test, 250
Pareto charts, 513–516
command, 567
Paste, cells, 17
Patterned Data command, 553
P charts, 506–509
command, 563–564
Pearson, Karl, 293
Pearson chi-square statistic
breaking down, 297
defi ned, 293
validity with small frequencies,
299–302
working with X^2 distribution,
293–295
Pearson Correlation coeffi cient, 336
Percentiles, 151–154
Period, 446
Periodic Sample command, 557
Phi, 298
Pie charts, 84
defi ned, 285
displaying categorical data in,
285–287
Pivot tables
changing displayed values,
282–283
creating, 279–280
defi ned, 277
displaying categorical data in bar
charts, 283–285
displaying categorical data in pie
charts, 285–287
inserting, 278
removing categories from,
280–282
Plot symbols, 102–105
Plotting residuals
predicted values vs., 366–368
predictor variables vs., 368–369
Points, 87
Poisson distribution, 185
Pooled two-sample t statistic,
255, 256
Predicted values
observed vs., 363–366
plotting residuals vs., 366–368
Prediction equation, 361–362
Prediction, multiple regression and,
355–356
Predictor variables, 314
plotting residuals vs., 368–369
Printing
page, 21–22
previewing, 18–19
setting up page for, 19–21
Probability, defi ned, 183–184
Probability density functions
(PDFs), 186, 187–189,
215–216
Probability distributions
Central Limit Theorem,
212–217
continuous, 186–187
defi ned, 184
discrete, 185–186
normal, 193–196
parameters and estimators,
205–206
random variables and samples,
189–193
Process, 488
pth percentile, 151
p values, 235–236
F distribution and, 353–355
with Bonferroni, 342–343
Pyramid chart, 84Q
Qualitative or categorical variables,
130–131
Quality control, statistical,
488–490
Quality control charts, 490–492,
509–512
C-, 504–506, 562–563
commands, 562–567
generic QC, 566
P-, 506–509, 563–564
Pareto, 513–516, 567
range, 502–504, 564–565
S-, 572
statistical, 490
x, 493–502, 565
XBAR, 565
Quantitative variables, 129,
130, 131
Quartiles, 151–154Querying data, 55–63
database, 68R
R^2 -value, 322. See also coeffi cient,
of determination
Radar chart, 84
Random autocorrelation, 443, 444
Random normal data
charting, 199–200
generating, 197–199
Random Number Generation
command, 533–534
Random Numbers command, 553
Random phenomenon, 183
Random sampling, 190–193
command, 557
Random variables and samples,
189–193
charting, 199–200
random variable defi ned, 189
using Excel to generate,
197–199
Random walk model, 444
Range, measure of variability, 159
Range charts, 502–504
command, 564–565
Range names, 15, 51–53
Rank and percentile command,
535
Record, 68
Recursive equations, 473–474
References, 14, 16, 17, 50
range, 33
Regression
analysis, performing, 318–328
ANOVA and, 325, 326–327
ANOVA one-way and, 406–409
command, 535–537
equation, 314–315
exploring, 317–318
fi tted regression line, 314,
315–316
functions in Excel, 316–317
interpreting analysis of variance
table, 326–327
model, checking, 329–335
parameter estimates and
statistics, 327–328
plotting data, 320–323
residuals, predicted values
and, 328
residuals, testing, 331–335
simple linear, 314–317
statistics, calculating, 323–325
statistics, interpreting, 325–326
straight-line assumption, testing,
329–331