the cube,” is also a symbol for space and is used in
hieroglyphics to symbolize mind over matter.
There are those who believe that time and space
are opposing forces, but that is not true; they are
simply the continuation of each other, perhaps
even different explanations of the same situation.
They merge and become one when both are
reduced.
The knowledge of time and space was known
by the Yoruba, Mande, Wolof, Akan, Shona,
Dogon, and, indeed, every African ethnic group
and all the practitioners of the popular tradi-
tional African religions. Nothing escaped the
wise thinkers and observers of the ancient
African societies. In the past, the African divin-
ers, hunters, scientists of the mind, and
observers of space and time used personal
observation as the standard of measurement.
They were familiar with the motions of objects
in the sky, as well as the characteristics of the
land. For instance, a solar day was measured as
the elapse of time between two successful solar
crossings of the meridian or the line that divides
the sky in half, east and west. Thus, the contem-
porary use of antemeridian as the a.m. or morn-
ing and postmeridian as the p.m. or afternoon
and evening hours was directly related to the
ancient observations of Africans in the Nile
Valley.
Elizabeth AndradeSee alsoAkan; Dogon; Yoruba
Further Readings
Akbar, N. (1994).Light From Ancient Africa.
Tallahassee, FL: Mind Productions & Associates.
Finch, C. (1998).The Star of Deep Beginnings:The
Genesis of African Science and Technology. Decatur,
GA: Khenti.
Gadalla, M. (2001).Egyptian Cosmology:The Animated
Universe. Greensboro, NC: Tehuti Research
Foundation.
Hotema, H. (1962).Awaken the World Within.
Mokelumne Hill, CA: Health Research.
Mbiti, J. (1991).Introduction to African Religion(2nd
rev. ed.). Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
Wolf, F. (2001).Mind and Matter:A New Alchemy of
Science and Spirit. Portsmouth, NH: Moment Point
Press.
SPEARMASTERS
Spear masters are those who learned the lessons of
good and evil as represented in the use of the
spear. The Dinka of the Sudan say that long ago
there were dances held by lions, and a man was
dancing when a lion looked at him and demanded
his bracelet. The man refused to give his bracelet
to the lion, whereupon the lion bit his thumb com-
pletely off. Then the man bled to death. The man
had left a wife and daughter behind, but they had
no son, and so the widow went weeping to the
river. The river spirit heard her and asked her
what was wrong. When she told the story of her
misfortune, the river spirit said to her, “Lift your
skirt and brush the waves toward you so that they
enter your body.”
The spirit gave her a spear and told her that the
spear was a symbol of her bearing a male child.
He also gave her a fish for food and told her to go
home and relax without delay. The woman went
home and soon bore a son, Aiwel, who had a full
set of teeth when he was born, a sign of unusual
spiritual powers.
As an infant, he was left sleeping on the floor,
but when the mother came back into the room,
she noticed that a gourd of milk had been drunk.
Not believing that it could have been the infant,
she accused her daughter of stealing the milk. She
punished the daughter. The same thing happened
over and over again. The mother was quite dis-
turbed by this situation and soon became suspi-
cious. She acted like she was leaving the baby
alone with the milk, but as she went out she
thought that she should hide herself in the bushes
and just watch the baby. This she did and, to her
surprise, she saw the baby Aiwel get up from the
floor and drink the milk. She opened the door and
accused him of drinking the milk. He told her not
to tell anybody or she would die. She could not
keep the secret to herself, and she died as Aiwel
had said. He had begun to develop the power of
the Spear Masters to make his words come true.
He could no longer live with his family after his
mother’s death. He went to stay with the spirit
father in the river until he grew up. He left the river
as a man with an ox of many colors, representing all
the colors of his cattle. The ox was named Longar,
and from then on the man was Aiwel Longar.630 Spear Masters