This was formalised in the theological and political doctrine of the
‘two swords’ – secular and clerical authority supporting each other
and respecting each other’s spheres of influence. In effect there was a
division of powers with, as we have seen, the Church administering
areas of family and property law and having its own taxes (tithes).
IDEOLOGIES 73CONVENTIONAL VIEW
Marxist AnarchistSocialistLiberal ConservativeMonarchistFascistLIBERAL VIEW
Liberal ConservativeSocialist Fascist/MarxistANARCHIST VIEW
Anarchist Monarchist LiberalConservativeSocialist FascistMarxistLEFTLEFTCONSTITUTIONAL
INDIVIDUALISMREVOLUTIONARY
COLLECTIVISMDegree of Change
Direction of Change
Method of ChangeRIGHT(By Degree of State Use of Force) RIGHTFigure 4.1 Classifying ideologies