296 Index
Abyssinia, 18, 28–29, 48
Adam (first man), 4, 9, 35, 99, 113, 149, 179,
208, 213
adultery, 71
Afghanistan, 53, 63, 72, 137, 166, 170, 219,
259–60
Ahmad, Barakat, 92–93
Ahmad, Jalal-e, 238, 251
Ahmad, Karima bint, 70
Ahmed Khan, Sayyid, 85–86, 225–27, 230
Ahmed, Leila, 66
Ahura Mazda, 13
Aisha (Muhammad’s wife): and affair of the
necklace, 120–21; and Ali, 130–31,
134, 177; and Battle of the Camel,
130–31, 177; and hadith, 70; inheri-
tance of, 119; and marriages of
Muhammad, 64–65; and Muhammad
on Mount Hira, 36; and Muhammad’s
death, 109, 119; Muhammad’s relation-
ship with, 74, 107, 121; and nature and
function of Caliphate and Ummah,
131; and Quraysh-Muhammad con-
flict, 77; and successors to Muhammad,
119, 120–21, 125, 130–31, 134;
wounding of, 134
Akhbari School, 184
al-Abass, 136
al-Afghani, Jamal ad-Din, 229–31, 232, 233,
235, 242, 258
al-Ahad, 214
al-Anhuri, Salim, 230, 231
al-Arabi, 151, 215
al-Ash‘ari, Abu’l Hasan, 154
al-Aswad, 110
al-Ayham, Jabalah ibn, 59
al-Banna, Hasan, 235–38, 239, 242, 251,
253
al-Baqir, Muhammad, 184
al-Basra, Hasan, 152, 212
al-Bukhari, Muhammad, 163, 164
al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid, 150, 151, 166, 205,
216, 235
al-Hujwiri, 206
al-Husri, Sati, 233–34, 242
al-Jili, Abdul Karim, 215
al-Khudri, Abu Said, 69
al-Ma’mum (caliph), 137, 141, 142–43, 158
al-Mu‘attal, Safwan ibn, 120–21
al-Mu’manin, See Zubayr, Abd Allah ibn al-
al-Mu’tasim, 140–42, 143
al-Nasser, Gamal Abd, 237–38, 239, 240,
245
al-Qaeda, 136, 247–48
al-Salba: rebellion in, 247
al-Sha’ri, Zaynab bint, 70
al-Tabari, Abu Ja‘far Muhammad, 16, 19, 35,
42, 56, 62, 96, 147–48
al-Tahawi, 151
al-Waqidi, 53
al-Zubayr, Abd Allah ibn (al-Mu’manin),
177–78, 185–86
Algar, Hamid, 242–43
Algeria, 236, 255, 261
Ali (Husayn’s son), 172, 177, 184. See also
Zayn al-Abadin
Ali Akbar (Husayn’s son), 172
Ali ar-Rida, Imam, 183
Ali Ibn Abi Talib (Muhammad’s cousin and
son-in-law): and Abu Bakr, 119–22;
and Aisha, 130–31, 134, 177; amir
appointments of, 174; and Battle of the
Camel, 130–31, 177; as caliph, 127,
133–35, 175; as Commander of the
Faithful, 130; death/martyrdom of,
135–36, 173; as Imam, 136, 182, 184;
inheritance of, 119–20, 123; Karbala
revealed to, 179; as Mahdi, 185, 186; as
model of Muslim piety, 135–36; and
Mu‘awiyah, 134–35, 175, 176;
Muhammad’s relationship with, 41,
133–34; and Muhammad’s return to
Mecca, 106; and Muhammad’s with-
drawal from Mecca, 48; and nature and
function of Caliphate, 133–34; refuses
Caliphate, 129, 130; and Shi‘ites, 181;
sons of, 176, 177; and successors to
Muhammad, 112, 115–17, 119–22,
123–24, 125, 127, 129–30; tomb of,
244; and Umar, 123; and Uthman, 127,
129–30, 133
Ali, Ahmed, 69–70
Ali, Chiragh, 86, 227
Ali, Fatima bint, 70
Ali, Muhammad, 244
Aligarth School, 218–19, 226–27, 228, 231
Allah (creator god), 6–7, 8, 10, 18, 40, 93,
110
Allat (goddess), 7, 14, 16, 22, 27
Amina (Muhammad’s mother), 19, 21
Amir tribe, 8
amirs (governors), 123, 125, 126, 127, 130,
174
Andrae, Tor, 93
Angha, Maghsoud Sadegh, 210, 214
Anglo-Saudi Treaty (1915), 244
Ansar, 74, 108, 112, 115–16, 117, 125, 130,
177–78
apostasy, 119
Aquinas, Thomas, 151