code message or as complex as being married to someone — has
an identifiable and stable pattern. Predicting divorce, like
tracking Morse Code operators, is pattern recognition.
“People are in one of two states in a relationship,” Gottman
went on. “The first is what I call positive sentiment override,
where positive emotion overrides irritability. It’s like a buffer.
Their spouse will do something bad, and they’ll say, ‘Oh, he’s
just in a crummy mood.’ Or they can be in negative sentiment
override, so that even a relatively neutral thing that a partner
says gets perceived as negative. In the negative sentiment
override state, people draw lasting conclusions about each
other. If their spouse does something positive, it’s a selfish
person doing a positive thing. It’s really hard to change those
states, and those states determine whether when one party tries
to repair things, the other party sees that as repair or hostile
manipulation. For example, I’m talking with my wife, and she
says, ‘Will you shut up and let me finish?’ In positive sentiment
override, I say, ‘Sorry, go ahead.’ I’m not very happy, but I
recognize the repair. In negative sentiment override, I say, ‘To
hell with you, I’m not getting a chance to finish either. You’re
such a bitch, you remind me of your mother.’ ”
As he was talking, Gottman drew a graph on a piece of