Cordain, Loren, and Joe Friel.The Paleo Diet for Athletes: A
Nutritional Formula for Peak Athletic Performance.
Emmaus, PA: Rodale Books, 2005.
Hofmekler, Ori.Maximum Muscle: Minimum Fat. St. Paul,
MN: Dragon Door Publications, 2003.
Hofmekler, Ori, and Diana Holtzberg.The Warrior Diet. St.
Paul, MN: Dragon Door Publications, 2003.
Kleiner, Susan, and Maggie Greenwood-Robinson.Power
Eating. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Publishers,
2006.
Larson-Meyer, D. Enette.Vegetarian Sports Nutrition.
Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Publishers, 2006.
Schuler, Lou, et al.The Testosterone Advantage Plan: Lose
Weight, Gain Muscle, Boost Energy. New York: Fire-
side, 2002.
Sepe, Frank.TRUTH Body Solutions: Truthful Nutritional
Strategies for a Better Body and a Better LifeCarlsbad,
CA: Hay House, 2006.
PERIODICALS
Aceto, Chris. ‘‘Know the Score! Cheat Foods, When Prop-
erly Refereed, Can Help Boost Your Muscular Gains.’’
Flex(August 2005): 94–99.
Elliott, Tabatha. ‘‘Cholesterol for Muscle.’’Muscle & Fitness
(October 2005): 245–246.
Schmidt, Julian. ‘‘Peels Like the First Time: Three Pros
Recall Their First-Ever Bodybuilding Diet—That
Worked.’’Flex(September 2006): 214–218.
Stoppani, Jim. ‘‘Food Fixes: Want To Improve Your
Results and Make Faster Gains? Here’s a Guide You
Can Use to Upgrade Your Bodybuilding Diet, One
Meal At a Time.’’Flex(March 2007): 154–158.
Stoppani, Jim, and Steve Stiefel. ‘‘Strategize For Size:
Looking to Bulk Up or Lean Out? Integrate the Latest
Cutting-Edge Research Into Your Bodybuilding Diet
With These 10 Proven Scientific Strategies.’’Flex(May
2006): 96–101.
Wuebben, Joe, et al. ‘‘The Bodybuilding Foods: From the
Basics for Building Muscle to On-The-Go, Gotta-Eat-
Now Fast Foods, Here are 111 Superfoods Every
Bodybuilder Must Have in His Eating Arsenal.’’Joe
Weider’s Muscle & Fitness(March 2007): 142–150.
ORGANIZATIONS
American College of Nutrition. 300 South Duncan Ave.,
Suite 225, Clearwater, FL 33755. Telephone: (727) 446-- Website:http://www.amcollnutr.org.
American Council on Exercise. 4851 Paramount Drive, San
Diego, CA 92123. Telephone: (858) 279-8227. Website:
http://www.acefitness.org.
American Dietetic Association. 120 South Riverside Plaza,
Suite 2000, Chicago, IL 60606-6995. Telephone: (800)
877-1600. Website:http://www.eatright.org.
American Society for Nutrition. 9650 Rockville Pike,
Bethesda, MD 20814. Telephone: (301) 634-7050.
Website:http://www.nutrition.org.
Bodybuilding.com. 305 Steelhead Way, Boise, ID 83704.
Telephone: (877) 991-3411. Website:http://www
.bodybuilding.com.
Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion. 3101 Park
Center Drive, 10th Floor, Alexandria, VA 22302-1594.
Telephone: (703) 305-7600. Website:<http://www
.cnpp.usda.gov>.
Teen Bodybuilding.com. 305 Steelhead Way, Boise, ID- Telephone: (877) 991-3411. Website: http://
http://www.teenbodybuilding.com.
Ken R. WellsBrazilian dietseeSouth American diet
Breastfeeding
Definition
Breastfeeding is the practice of feeding an infant
milk through the mother’s breast. According to La
Leche League International (LLLI), human milk is ‘a
living fluid that protects babies from disease and
actively contributes to the development of every sys-
tem in baby’s body’’’. Breastfeeding stimulates babies’
immune systems and protects against diarrhea and
infection.Description
The mother’s body prepares for breastfeeding
while she is pregnant. The fatty tissue of the breast is
replaced by glandular tissue that is necessary to pro-
duce milk. When baby suckles the breast the hormone
oxytocin is released. This causes the muscle cells of the
breast to squeeze milk from the milk ducts to the
nipple.History
Throughout time millions of mothers have
breastfed their babies. During ancient times mothers
breastfed their babies for 12-18 months or until the
mother’s menstrual cycle returned.
For thousands of years breastfeeding was the only
source of nutrition for the first part of a baby’s life.
Before the invention of formula few alternatives were
available. If a mother could not breastfeed a wet nurse
was found or the baby was fed animal milk or ‘‘pap’’, a
mixture of flour, rice, andwater. In the early 1900’s
most babies in America were still breastfed, and over
half of them were breastfed for one year or longer.
However, as more women entered the workforce and
supplemental methods of feeding were introduced,
breastfeeding rates in America decreased. According
to a survey from Ross Labs, by 1971 only 24.7% ofBreastfeeding