eating guidelines to provide a healthy diet for their
children over time. A diet high in fruits and vegetables
and low in fats will meet most DRIs for both children
and adults.
Resources
BOOKS
Otten, Jennifer J., Jennifer Pitzi Hellwig, and Linda D.
Meyers, eds.DRI, Dietary Reference Intakes: The
Essential Guide to Nutrient Requirements. Washington,
DC: National Academies Press, 2006.
Panel on Dietary Antioxidants and Related Compounds,
Subcommittees on Upper Reference Levels of Nutrients
and of Interpretation and Use of Dietary Reference
Intakes, and the Standing Committee on the Scientific
Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes, Food and
Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine.Dietary Refer-
ence Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and
Carotenoids. Washington, DC: National Academy
Press, 2000.
Panel on Dietary Reference Intakes for Electrolytes and
Water, Standing Committee on the Scientific Evalua-
tion of Dietary Reference Intakes, Food and Nutrition
Board.DRI, Dietary Reference Intakes for Water,
Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington,
DC: National Academies Press, 2005.
Panel on Macronutrients, Panel on the Definition of Dietary
Fiber, Subcommittee on Upper Reference Levels of
Nutrients, Subcommittee on Interpretation and Uses of
Dietary Reference Intakes, and the Standing Commit-
tee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference
Intakes, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medi-
cine of the National Academies.Dietary Reference
Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty
Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Wash-
ington, DC: National Academies Press, 2005.
Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary
Reference Intakes, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute
of Medicine.Dietary Reference Intakes: For Calcium,
Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride.
Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 1997.
Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary
Reference Intakes and its Panel on Folate, Other B
Vitamins, and Choline and Subcommittee on Upper
Reference Levels of Nutrients, Food and Nutrition
Board, Institute of Medicine.Dietary Reference Intakes
for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B 6 , Folate,
Vitamin B 12 , Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline.
Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1998.
Panel on Micronutrients and the Standing Committee on
the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes,
Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine.
DRI: Dietary Reference Intakes For Vitamin A,
Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine,
Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon,
Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National
Academy Press, 2001.
Sizer, Frances Sienkiewicz, and Eleanor Noss Whitney.
Nutrition Concepts and Controversies. 10th ed. Belmont,
CA: Wadsworth Thomson Learning, 2006.
PERIODICALS
Berner, Louise A., and Marci J. Levine. ‘‘Understanding
Tolerable Upper Intake Levels.’’Journal of Nutri-
tion.136 (2006): 487S-489S.
ORGANIZATIONS
American Dietetic Association. 120 South Riverside Plaza,
Suite 2000, Chicago, IL 60606-6995. Telephone: (800)
877-1600. Website:<http://www.eatright.org>.
Council for Responsible Nutrition. 1828 L Street, NW, Suite
900, Washington, DC, 20036-5114. Telephone: (202)
776-7929. Fax: (202) 204-7980. Website:<http://
http://www.crnusa.org>.
Food and Nutrition Information Center. National Agricul-
tural Library, 10301 Baltimore Avenue, Room 105,
Beltsville, MD 20705. Telephone: (301) 504-5414. Fax:
(301) 504-6409. Website:<http://www.nal.usda.gov>.
International Food Information Council. 1100 Connecticut
Avenue, NW Suite 430, Washington, DC 20036. Tele-
phone: 202-296-6540. Fax: 202-296-6547. Website:
<http://ific.org>.
Linus Pauling Institute. Oregon State University, 571
Weniger Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331-6512. Telephone:
(541) 717-5075. Fax: (541) 737-5077. Website:<http://
lpi.oregonstate.edu>.
OTHER
United States Department of Agriculture National Agricul-
tural Library. ‘‘Dietary Tables.’’ December 19, 2006.
[cited May 5, 2007].<http://fnic.nal.usda.gov/>.
United States Department of Agriculture. ‘‘Finding the Way
to a Healthier You: Based on the Dietary Guidelines for
Americans,’’ 6th ed. 2005.<http://www.healthierus.-
gov/dietaryguidelines>
United States Department of Health and Human Services
and the United States Department of Agriculture.
‘‘Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2005.’’ February 5,- [cited May 5, 2007].http://www.health.gov/
dietaryguidelines/.
Tish Davidson, A.M.Dietary supplements
Definition
In the United States, dietary supplements are
defined by the 1994 Dietary Supplement Health and
Education Act as products that are not used exclu-
sively as food, but are intended to be consumed in
addition to an individual’s diet. The law states that
dietary supplements are taken by mouth and containDietary supplements