Even though peanut butter, nuts, seeds, dried beans,
peas, and lentils have protein, they are generally not
recommended because they are high in both potas-
sium and phosphorus.Grains and cereals
1 slice of bread (white, rye, or sourdough)
1/2 English muffin
1/2 bagel
1/2 hamburger bun1/2 hot dog bun
1 6–inch tortilla
1/2 cup cooked pasta
1/2 cup cooked white rice
1/2 cup cooked cereal (cream of wheat)
1 cup cold cereal (corn flakes or crispy rice)
4 unsalted crackers
1 1/2 cup unsalted popcorn
10 vanilla wafersKEY TERMS
Amyloidosis—Condition characterized by accumu-
lation in body tissues of deposits of abnormal pro-
teins (amyloids) produced by cells. Amyloidosis can
lead to kidney disease.
B–group vitamins—Group of eight water-soluble
vitamins that are often present as a single, vitamin
complex in many natural sources, such as rice, liver
and yeast.
Bulk minerals—Minerals needed by the body in small
amounts (RDA>200mg/day) They include: calcium,
magnesium,phosphorus,potassium,sodium, and sulfur.
Diabetes mellitus—A condition characterized by
high blood sugar levels resulting from the body’s
inability to use glucose efficiently. There are two
types of diabetes: type 1 and type 2.
Dialysis—The process of cleaning wastes from the
blood artificially. This is normally done by the kid-
neys but if the kidneys fail, the blood must be
cleaned artificially with special equipment.
Dialysis–related amyloidosis (DRA)—Type of amy-
loidosis resulting from the use of dyalisis.
Digestion—The process by which food is chemically
converted into nutrients that can be absorbed and
used by the body.
Glucose—A monosaccharide sugar occurring widely
in most plant and animal tissue. In humans, it is the
main source of energy for the body.
Hemodialysis—Type of dialysis to clean wastes from
the blood after the kidneys have failed: the blood
travels through tubes to a dialyzer, a machinethat
removes wastes and extra fluid. The cleaned blood
then goes back into the body.High blood pressure—Blood pressure is the force of
the blood on the arteries as the heart pumps blood
through the body. High blood pressure, or hyper-
tension, is a condition where there is too much pres-
sure, which can lead to heart and kidney problems.
Hormone—Substance produced in one part of the
body and released into the blood to trigger or regulate
particular functions of the body. The kidney releases
three hormones: erythropoietin, renin, and an active
form of vitamin D that helps regulate calcium for
bones.
Insulin—Hormone released by the pancreas in
response to increased levels of blood sugar (glucose)
in the blood.
Micronutrients—Nutrients needed by the body
in small amounts. They include vitamins and minerals.
Nephrons—A tiny part of the kidneys. Each kidney is
made up of about 1 million nephrons, which are the
working units of the kidneys, removing wastes and
extra fluids from the blood.
Nutrient—A source of nourishment, especially a
nourishing ingredient in a food.
Trace minerals—Minerals needed by the body in tiny,
traceamounts(RDA<200mg/day).Theyinclude:sele-
nium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, molybdenum,
chromium,arsenic, germanium, lithium,rubidium,tin.
Type 1 diabetes—In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas
makes little or no insulin.
Type 2 diabetes—In type 2 diabetes, the body is
resistant to the effects of available insulin. It is the
most common form of diabetes mellitus. Most of the
people who have this type of diabetes are
overweight.Renal nutrition