neutrinos from, 91
supernovas, 67–68, 103–6, 124, 153–54
surface of last scatter, 57–58, 60
surface tension, 135, 138
technetium, 125–26
technogenic markers, 188, 190
telescopes, 64, 151–64
radio, 155–60
resolution of, 155
tellurium, 128
terrestrial gamma-ray flashes, 162–63
thermodynamics, laws of, 46
thermonuclear fusion, 87
Thor (god), 129
thorium, 129
thought experiments, 94–95
time machines, 46
Titan (moon), 123, 189
titanium, 122–23
titanium oxide, 123
Titans (gods), 123
Tombaugh, Clyde, 131
Transformers (film), 159
tritium, 27
Tucson, Ariz., 122
2010: The Year We Make Contact (film), 159
ultraviolet (UV) light, 150–51, 164
United Kingdom, 161–62
United States, 161–62
universality of physical laws, 34–47
universe, 205
asymmetry of, 23–25, 194–95
early expansion and cooling of, 17–33
expansion of, 48–49, 52, 59, 86, 94, 102–3, 105, 107–8, 113, 145, 195
intergalactic void of, 62–74
matter accumulation in, 58–59, 86
matter-energy density of, 107–10, 113
opacity of, 48–49, 57
Planck era of, 18–19
quark-lepton era of, 23–25
quark-hadron transition in, 24–25
as sphere, 145
as time machine, 202–3
uranium, 130
Uranus, 129, 130, 173–74
vacuum energy, 64, 74
Velas (satellites), 162
Venus, 127, 176
Very Large Array, 159
Very Long Baseline Array, 159