Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches

STRATEGIES OF RESEARCH DESIGN

14. See Blee and Billings (1986), Ricoeur (1970), and
    Schneider (1987) on the interpretation of text in qualita-
    tive research.


15. See Lieberson (1985:185–187) for a discussion of
    basic and superficial variables in a set of causal linkages.
    Davis (1985) and Stinchcombe (1968) provide good gen-
    eral introductions to making linkages among variables
    in social theory.


16. The logic of disconfirming hypothesis is discussed
    in Singleton and associates (1988:56–60).
    17. See Bailey (1987:43) for a discussion of this term.
    18. The general problem of aggregating observation and
    making causal inferences is discussed in somewhat
    technical terms in Blalock (1982:237–264) and in Han-
    nan (1985). O’Brien (1992) argues that the ecological
    fallacy is one of a whole group of logical fallacies in
    which levels and units of analysis are confused and over-
    generalized.