Block, Fred. (1977). Beyond corporate
liberalism. Social Problems, 24:
353–361.
Block, Fred, and Gene A. Burns. (1986).
Productivity as a social problem: The
uses and misuses of social indicators.
American Sociological Review,
51:767–780.
Block, Jennifer. (2003). Science gets
sacked. Nation,277(6):5–7.
Bloemraad, Irene. (2006). Citizenship
lessons from the past: The contours
of immigrant naturalization in the
early 20th century. Social Science
Quarterly,87(5):927–953.
Bloor, Michael J. (1983). Notes on
member validation. In Contem-
porary field research,edited by
R. M. Emerson, pp. 156–171.
Boston: Little, Brown.
Blum, Debra E. (1989). A dean is charged
with plagiarizing a dissertation for his
book on Muzak. Chronicle of Higher
Education,35:A17.
Blumberg, Stephen, and Julian Luke.
(2009). Wireless substitution: Early
release of estimates from the National
Health Interview Survey, July–
December 2008. (report released by
Centers for Disease Control May 5,
2009). Available at http://www.cdc
.gov/nchs/data/nhis/earlyrelease/
wireless200905.pdf. Accessed June
10, 2008.
Blume, Stuart S. (1974). Toward a polit-
ical sociology of science.New York:
Free Press.
Blumer, M. (1984). The Chicago school
of sociology.Chicago: University of
Chicago.
Blumer, Martin. (1991a). W. E. B. DuBois
as a social investigator: The Philadel-
phia Negro 1889. In The social survey
in historical perspective, 1880–1940,
edited by M. Blumer, K. Bales, and
K. Sklar, pp. 170–188. New York:
Cambridge University Press.
Blumer, Martin. (1991b). The decline of
the social survey movement and the
rise of American empirical sociology.
In The social survey in historical
perspective, 1880–1940,edited by
M. Blumer, K. Bales, and K. Sklar,
pp. 271–315. New York: Cambridge
University Press.
Blumer, Martin. (1992). The growth of
applied sociology after 1945: The
prewar establishment of the postwar
infrastructure. In Sociology and
its publics: The forms and fates of
disciplinary organization,edited by
T. C. Halliday and M. Janowitz,
pp. 317–346. Chicago: University of
Chicago.
Blumer, Martin, K. Bales, and K. Sklar.
(1991). The social survey in historical
perspective. In The social survey in
historical perspective, 1880–1940,
edited by M. Blumer, K. Bales, and
K. Sklar, pp. 1–48. New York: Cam-
bridge University Press.
Blumstein, Alfred. (1974). Seriousness
weights in an index of crime.
American Sociological Review,39:
854–864.
Blute, Marion. (1997). History versus
science: The evolutionary solution.
Canadian Journal of Sociology,22:
345–364.
Bogardus, Emory S. (1959). Social dis-
tance.Yellow Springs, OH: Antioch
Press.
Bogdan, Robert, and Steven J. Taylor.
(1975). Introduction to qualitative re-
search methods: A phenomenologi-
cal approach to the social sciences.
New York: Wiley.
Bohrnstedt, George. (1992a). Reliability.
In Encyclopedia of Sociology,Vol. 3,
edited by E. and M. Borgatta,
pp. 1626–1632. New York: Macmillan.
Bohrnstedt, George. (1992b). Validity. In
Encyclopedia of Sociology,Vol. 4,
edited by E. and M. Borgatta,
pp. 2217–2222. New York: Macmillan.
Bohrnstedt, George W., and Edgar F.
Borgatta, eds. (1981). Social mea-
surement: Current issues.Beverly
Hills, CA: Sage.
Bohrnstedt, George, and David Knoke.
(1994). Statistics for social data
analysis,3rd ed. Itasca, IL: Peacock.
Bollen, Kenneth A., Barbara Entwisle, and
Arthur S. Alderson. (1993). Macro-
comparative research methods.
Annual Review of Sociology,
19:321–351.
Bolton, Ruth N., and Tina Bronkhorst.
(1996). Questionnaire pretesting:
Computer-assisting coding of con-
current protocols. In Answering
questions,edited by N. Schwarz and
S. Sudman, pp. 37–64. San Fran-
cisco: Jossey-Bass.
Bonnell, Victoria E. (1980). The uses of
theory, concepts and comparison in
historical sociology. Comparative
Studies in Society and History,
22:156–173.
Borgatta, Edgar F., and George
W. Bohrnstedt. (1980). Level of mea-
surement: Once over again.
Sociological Methods and Research,
9:147–160.
Boruch, Robert F. (1982). Methods for
revolving privacy problems in social
research. In Ethical issues in social
science research, edited by T.
Beauchamp, R. Faden, R. J. Wallace,
and L. Walters, pp. 292–313. Balti-
more: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Boswell, Terry, and Cliff Brown. (1999).
The scope of general theory.
Sociological Methods and Research,
28:154–185.
Bottomore, Thomas. (1984). The Frank-
furt School.New York: Tavistock.
Bouchard, Thomas J., Jr. (1976). Unob-
trusive measures: An inventory
of uses. Sociological Methods and
Research,4:267–300.
Bourgeois, Philippe. (1996). In search of
respect: Selling crack in El Barrio.
New York: Cambridge University
Press.
Bowker, Geoffrey C. and Susan Leigh-
Star. (1999). Sorting things out: Clas-
sification and its consequences.
Cambridge MA: MIT Press.
Boyatzis, Richard E. (1998). Transforming
qualitative information: Thematic
analysis and code development.Thou-
sand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Bradburn, Norman M. (1983). Response
effects. In Handbook of survey re-
search,edited by P. Rossi, J. Wright,
and A. Anderson, pp. 289–328. Or-
lando, FL: Academic.
Bradburn, Norman M., and Carrie Miles.
(1979). Vague qualifiers. Public
Opinion Quarterly,43:92–101.
Bradburn, Norman M., and Seymour
Sudman. (1980). Improving inter-
view method and questionnaire de-
sign.San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Bradburn, Norman M., and Seymour
Sudman. (1988). Polls and surveys:
Understanding what they tell us.San
Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Bradshaw, York W., and Michael Wallace.
(1996). Global inequalities.Thou-
sand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press.
Bradsher, Keith. (2002). High and
mighty.New York: Public Affairs.
Brainard, Jeffrey, and Ron Southwick.
(August 10, 2001). A record year at
the federal trough: Colleges feast on
$1.67 billion in earmarks. Chronicle
of Higher Education.
Brainard, Jeffrey, and Anne Borrego.
(September 26, 2003). Academic
pork barrel tops $2 billion for first
time. Chronicle of Higher Education.
Brannigan, Augustine. (1992). Post-
modernism. Encyclopedia of Soci-
ology,Vol. 3, edited by E. and
BIBLIOGRAPHY