175, 177-178, 215, 226, 274, 376, 379,
387-389
Police officers, 27, 29, 215
Political activism, 390
political activity, 116
political parties, 22, 178
Political pressures, 389
Political science, 8, 15, 96, 124, 131, 133, 157, 282,
371
Politicians, 3, 29, 56, 58, 75, 130, 186, 376, 380, 384
politics, 102, 116, 129-132, 190, 216-217, 384-385,
392
funding, 102
Pollution, 35
Poor, 7, 11, 21, 34-35, 51-52, 58, 60, 115, 143, 147,
150, 158, 181-182, 188-189, 202-203, 212,
232, 235, 267, 269, 298, 385, 387
Poor people, 7, 21, 51, 158, 189, 202
Poor, the, 267
Population, 6-7, 24, 31-33, 40-41, 45-46, 52, 65, 80,
153, 163, 190, 202, 221, 228-229, 231,
246-256, 258-260, 262-264, 267-274,
276-279, 289, 304, 306-307, 369, 377-378,
380-381, 386, 388
Population growth, 228
positivism, 96-97, 100, 102, 108-109, 115, 117, 121,
123-124, 156
positivists, 98-101, 106, 109-110, 119, 372
postmodernism, 119
Posttest, 290-296, 298-299, 301, 309, 311-312
Poverty, 7, 20-21, 24, 57, 74, 110, 135, 169, 172, 175,
186-187, 189-190, 193, 202-203, 246, 382
poverty line, 189, 202, 246
Power, 2, 5, 9, 12, 30-31, 43, 52, 56, 64, 66, 72-73,
82, 84, 86, 102, 112-113, 117-118, 120-121,
146, 161-163, 167, 178, 188, 203, 205, 225,
274, 287, 371, 374, 376
nature of, 112, 120-121, 167
powerlessness, 205
Prayer, 190
Pregnancy, 30, 87, 141, 241, 387
prejudice, 41, 62, 64, 74, 78, 203, 309, 388
Prejudiced attitudes, 74
Premarital pregnancy, 387
Presidential elections, 253
Prestige, 88, 102, 131, 145, 226, 254
Print media, 6
Prison, 122, 149, 153, 161, 174, 251-252, 281, 298,
301
Prisoners, 149
Prisons, 24, 31, 80, 251
Privacy, 125, 145, 147, 152, 154, 156-157, 162, 164,
267, 269, 390
Private hospitals, 252
privatization, 295
probabilities, 3, 247
Probability sample, 247-248, 252, 270, 273-274
Probability samples, 247-248, 255, 271, 278
Probation, 174
problem solving, 42
production, 12, 66-67, 112, 170
Professions, 164
Profit, 14, 66, 115, 207
Progress, 9, 21-22, 87, 102, 119, 214, 390
Prohibition, 153, 158, 189
Propaganda, 3, 7, 373
Property, 14, 66-67, 153, 156, 186-187, 205, 297, 387
Property crimes, 387
Property destruction, 67
Proposition, 68-69, 85, 87-88, 182, 190, 194-195, 211
Prostitution, 33, 177
protection and, 144, 172
Protestants, 189
Protests, 383
Proximity, 33
Psychological abuse, 147-148
Psychology, 8, 13, 15, 19, 96, 124, 130-132, 135, 146,
282, 284-286, 371
Psychotherapy, 110
public administration, 9
Public assistance, 150
Public defenders, 158
Public health, 9, 34, 97, 147, 156, 379
Public Health Service, 147, 156
Public housing, 246
public issues, 57-58, 285
public opinion, 40, 172, 284
Public policy, 1-2, 5, 285, 380, 390
public relations, 7, 10
Puerto Ricans, 246
Punishment, 3, 40, 173, 175, 181, 186, 236, 284
Q
Qualitative data, 10, 16, 26, 32, 39, 51-52, 103, 177,
204, 209
qualitative methods, 17
Qualitative research, 16-17, 20-21, 39, 42, 51-52,
70-71, 103, 119, 131, 139, 167-173,
176-177, 198-199, 204, 209-211, 218, 220,
247-248, 273
Qualitative research methods, 20
Quality of life, 32, 150, 379, 381
Quantitative approach, 16-18, 218
Quantitative data, 16-17, 26, 47, 49, 52, 97, 102,
167-168, 172, 186, 230, 282, 310, 373, 377,
384, 390
quantitative methods, 17
Quantitative research, 18, 20, 43, 49, 53, 102, 139,
167-171, 176, 179-180, 204, 212, 246-247,
251, 255, 373
questionnaires, 48, 141, 160, 208
quotas, 270
R
race, 19-20, 39, 41, 44, 48, 64, 72, 74-76, 94, 98, 105,
115, 161-162, 168, 174, 190, 196, 204, 241,
249, 270, 277, 281-282, 285, 287, 291,
296-297, 305, 309, 371, 377, 380, 386, 388
ethnicity and, 64
race and ethnicity, 161, 168, 380
race relations, 190, 241
racial attitudes, 19, 309
racial background, 282
Racial classification, 39
Racial differences, 120, 285
racial discrimination, 19, 111, 173, 175
racial groups, 62, 161, 383
Racial inequality, 19, 40, 49
Racial prejudice, 62, 64, 203, 309
racial profiling, 161
Racial segregation, 203, 376, 383
Racism, 3, 40, 274, 371
random sample, 41, 169, 253, 255-256, 258-266, 268,
271, 277-280, 285, 306, 378, 386
Random samples, 255-259, 262, 277
Random sampling, 49, 254-256, 258, 260, 262, 264,
267, 269, 288-289
Random-digit dialing, 267, 269, 276-277, 279-280, 285
Rape, 28, 136, 226, 241
rationality, 96, 99, 106, 113, 120
Reality, 7-8, 17, 61, 70-72, 74, 88-89, 94-96, 98-100,
102, 104-105, 107, 110-114, 116, 118-123,
190-191, 208, 212, 241
rebels, 178
Recall, 13, 150, 184, 195, 216, 218, 374, 380
recession, 193
Recognition, 118
Recycling, 370
Red tape, 375
reductionism, 189-191, 193, 198
Reform, 21, 102
regions, 71, 173, 274, 385
regulation, 186
Rehabilitation, 153
Relationships, 1, 8, 42, 58, 61, 66, 68-70, 74-75, 78,
82, 87, 89, 99, 112, 174, 180-181, 183,
185-186, 188-189, 208-209, 223, 228, 247,
271-272, 282, 293, 306, 373
Reliability, 17, 202, 211-216, 218, 220-221, 226, 228,
232, 234-235, 241-242, 301, 309, 374-376,
378, 388-389, 391
Religion, 9, 19, 40, 83, 85, 99, 141, 162, 173, 186,
189, 196, 222-225, 380, 384, 386, 388
religious beliefs, 12, 85, 102, 215
religious groups, 161, 173, 178
replication, 29, 71, 100, 102, 107, 126, 170-171, 176,
183, 215, 218, 287, 373-374, 384
representation, 107, 170-171, 204, 249, 263, 305
Representative samples, 247-249
Reproduction, 247
Republican Party, 20
Research, 1-24, 25-54, 55-89, 91-94, 96-98, 101-104,
107, 109-111, 116-124, 125-127, 129-140,
142-143, 145-164, 165-199, 201-204, 206,
208-212, 215-216, 218, 220-221, 230, 232,
237, 241, 243, 245-248, 251, 255, 267, 269,
273-274, 276, 279, 281-313, 367-392cross-sectional, 25-26, 44, 47-48, 50, 52-53, 74
longitudinal, 26, 44-47, 53, 386
methods of, 2, 37, 139, 146
Research designs, 126-127, 383
research methods, 1-2, 20, 25, 49, 55, 91, 93, 96, 125,
151, 159, 165, 169, 201, 245, 255, 281, 285,
367
ethics, 125, 281
independent variables, 281
qualitative, 1, 20, 25, 55, 91, 96, 125, 165, 169,
201, 245, 255, 281, 367
quantitative, 1, 20, 25, 49, 55, 91, 125, 165, 169,
201, 245, 255, 281, 367
tables, 49, 255
variables, 165, 281
Research studies, 3, 7, 12, 16, 23, 27-29, 33, 43, 57,
61, 63-65, 68, 93, 127, 129-131, 248, 299
resistance, 29, 61, 285
Resolution, 34, 81
Resources, 31, 44, 52, 55, 60, 66-67, 72, 77, 79, 86,
113, 136, 147, 161, 175-176, 196-197, 276,
283, 381
Respect, 4, 10, 16, 60, 152-153, 181, 210, 229
Respondents, 19, 143, 152, 161, 232, 262-263, 270,
277, 280, 284-285, 297, 386
Response bias, 233
Response rate, 386
Retaliation, 158, 160
Retirement, 112
Retreatism, 66
revenue, 33, 389
Rewards, 86, 145, 305, 368
Ridicule, 2
Rights, 1, 21, 25, 30, 33, 41, 44, 55, 80, 91, 122, 125,
145, 147, 149-151, 156-157, 162, 165, 190,
201, 211, 245, 281, 367
Ritualism, 66
Road rage, 6-7
Robbery, 180, 226
role, 13, 23-24, 31, 37, 51, 56, 80, 83, 86, 89,
100-102, 108, 114, 121, 146, 149, 152, 191,
202, 270, 292, 373
Roles, 12, 37, 39, 82-83, 85, 112, 118, 141, 149, 159,
204, 373
Romance, 193
Romantic love, 128
Rosenbloom, 369
Rules, 2, 5, 9, 12-14, 23, 66, 72, 82, 97-100, 107-108,
112, 114, 120, 137, 145, 156-157, 159, 169,
208, 216, 241-242, 269, 372-375
Ruling class, 112
Rumors, 77
Rural areas, 48, 280, 300
Russia, 231
S
sacred, 58, 95
Same-sex marriage, 57
sample, 18, 40-41, 48, 88, 127-128, 131, 140, 143,
165, 169, 214, 216, 246-280, 285, 288-289,
306, 368, 371, 376, 378, 383, 386, 388
nonprobability, 248-249, 273, 276-278
Sample size, 127-128, 249, 253, 256, 258-261,
269-271, 273, 278, 280, 376
Samples, 45, 78, 127, 160, 215, 242, 247-249, 251,
255-264, 267, 269-271, 273, 277-278, 280,
285, 312, 375
Sampling, 49, 123, 139, 145, 245-280, 288-289, 373,
377-378, 380, 384
Sanitation, 31
Satisfaction, 309, 381
scales, 202, 226, 230-232, 238, 241, 243
Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT), 217
School, 1, 3, 6, 10-11, 29, 31, 45, 47, 49, 51, 71,
74-75, 82-83, 85, 87-88, 103, 108, 110, 124,
138, 153-154, 159, 167, 181-182, 192-193,
206-207, 209-210, 213-217, 222, 229, 275,
281, 285, 302, 308, 370, 376, 382, 385
Schooling, 1, 6, 13, 36, 57, 60, 74, 78, 138, 190, 202,
222-223
Schools, 3, 11-12, 22, 24, 28-29, 31, 33, 47, 58, 75,
136, 141, 186, 203, 207, 285-286, 376, 379,
386, 390
college, 12, 22, 28, 75, 136, 286, 386
high, 3, 11, 28-29, 47, 58, 75, 136, 186, 376, 386
middle, 12, 386
secondary, 136, 376, 379, 386, 390
science, 1-2, 5-16, 22-24, 25, 31, 33, 47, 54, 57-63,
73, 89, 92-124, 129-133, 136-137, 145-147,