Chapter 1 Summary and Review 117SECTION 1.3 Subtracting Whole Numbers
To subtract whole numbers,think of taking
away objects from a set.
Vertical form:Stack the numbers. Subtract the
digits in the ones column, the tens column, the
hundreds column, and so on.Borrowwhen
necessary.
To check:DifferencesubtrahendminuendDEFINITIONS AND CONCEPTS EXAMPLES
Subtract:Check using addition:
14
4,01
81
8
869
4,957BorrowingMinuend
Subtrahend
Difference4 , 9
8
54
717 8 6 9
4 , 0 8 84,957 869
Be careful when translating the instruction to
subtract one number fromanother number.
The order of the numbers in the sentence
must be reversed when we translate to
symbols.Translate the words to numbers and symbols:Since 41 is the number to be
subtracted, it is the subtrahend.
97 41Subtract 41 from 97.Every subtraction has a related addition
statement.10 3 7 because 7 3 10
To estimate a difference, use front-end
rounding to approximate the minuend and
subtrahend. Then subtract.Estimate the difference:The estimate is 56,000.Round to the nearest ten thousand.
Round to the nearest thousand.60,000
4,000
56,000
59,033
4,124
WEIGHTS OF CARS A Chevy Suburban weighs 5,607 pounds and a
Smart Car weighs 1,852 pounds. How much heavier is the Suburban?
The phrase how much heavierindicates subtraction:The Suburban weighs 3,755 pounds more than the Smart Car.Weight of the Suburban
Weight of the Smart Car5,607
1,852
3,755
Some of the key wordsand phrasesthat are
often used to indicate subtraction are:
loss decrease down backward
fell less than fewer reduce
remove debit in the past remains
declined take away
To answer questions about how much moreor
how many more,we use subtraction.To evaluate (find the value of) expressions
that involve addition and subtraction written
in horizontal form,we perform the operations
as they occur from left to right.Evaluate:
Working left to right, do the subtraction first.
61 Now do the addition.