Basic Mathematics for College Students

Prism, finding volume of, 802, 831
Problem solving
finding two unknowns, 680, 703
strategy for, 68, 122, 675, 702
Product
defined, 40
power rule for, 692, 705
Proper fraction, 209, 297
Proportion
decimal form and, 438
defined, 428, 482, 758
false, 429, 482
solving, 433, 483
true, 429, 482
Proportional numbers, 431, 483
Protractor, 715, 812
Pyramid, finding volume of, 802,
831
Pythagoras, 747
Pythagorean theorem
converse of, 750, 821
defined, 747, 820
square roots and, 748, 820

Quadrilateral, 767, 824
Quantity, graphing changing, 600,
624
Quotient
defined, 54
estimating, 62, 121

Radical expression
defined, 386
evaluating, 387, 406
Radical symbol, 386, 406
Radicand, 386
Radius, 792, 829
Rate
defined, 419, 481
unit, 420, 481
writing
as a fraction, 420, 481
as unit rate, 421, 481
Ratio
amount-to-base, 520
comparing two quantities, 418,
480
converting units for, 418
defined, 414, 479
equal, 415
part-to-whole, 520
simplifying, 417, 480
uses for, 414, 479
of whole numbers, 417
writing
as a fraction, 414, 479
in lowest terms, 480
in simplest form, 415, 480
Rational number
decimals and, 376
fraction as, 211
as subset of real numbers, 376
Ray, 713, 812
Real number
fractions and, 376
opposite of a sum property,
652

Reciprocal

defined, 233, 300

finding, of a fraction, 233, 300

Rectangle

area of, 48, 119

defined, 22, 767, 768, 824

dimensions, 22

finding area of, 781, 826

finding perimeter of, 776, 826

length, 22

properties of, 768, 824

width, 22

Rectangular array, 47, 119

Rectangular solid, finding volume

of, 802, 831

Related addition statement, 33,

117

Related multiplication statement,

54, 120

Remainder, 59

Repeated addition, 40, 46, 119

Repeated subtraction, 54

Repeating decimal

defined, 373, 404

as a fraction, 507, 572

overbars and, 374, 404

rounding, 376

Retail price, 337

Rhombus, 767, 824

Right angle, 715, 812

Right triangle, 738, 747, 818

Rounding digit

in a decimal, 322, 396

in a whole number, 7, 114

Rounding down, 6

Rounding up, 6

Ruler

discussion of, 443, 485

metric, 457, 488

Sale price, formula for, 544, 581

Sales tax

formula for, 536, 578

rate of, 536, 578

Scalene triangle, 737

Sector, in circle graphs, 598, 623

Semicircle, 793, 829

Side

of an angle, 714, 812

of a polygon, 736

Signed number

defined, 132

reversing the sign of, 158

Simple interest

defined, 560, 584

formula for, 560, 584

Slash mark, unit rates and, 421,

481

Sphere, finding volume of, 802,

831

Square

defined, 22, 386, 767, 824

finding area of, 781, 826

finding perimeter of, 777, 826

perfect

defined, 387, 406

square root of, 386

Square root

approximate, 390, 407

of decimals, 388, 406

defined, 386, 406

of fractions, 388, 406

negative, 387, 406

of perfect square, 386

Standard form

of decimals, 317

large numbers and decimals,

348, 400

of whole numbers, 2, 113

Standard notation.SeeStandard

form

Straight angle, 715, 812

Subscript, 717

Subset, 133

Subtraction

algebraic phrases of, 641

borrowing and, 30, 117

checking by addition, 33, 333

equality property of, 661, 700

key words and phrases

indicating, 34, 118

reading symbol used for, 138,

193

regrouping for, 30

rule for integers, 157, 196

Subtraction symbol, 29

Subtrahend

decimals and, 333

defined, 29

Sum

decimals and, 331

defined, 16

estimating with front-end

rounding, 20, 116

opposite of, 652

Supplementary angle, 718, 813

Table

example of, 594

reading, 595, 621

Tally mark, 615

Term

compared to factor, 641, 697

defined, 640, 697

like and unlike, 652

in a proportion, 430, 482

unlike and like, 652

Terminating decimal, 373, 404

Test digit

in a decimal, 322, 396

in a whole number, 7, 114

Theorem, 747

Tick mark

polygons and, 737, 817

triangles and, 739

Time

American units of, 450

interest and, 559, 561, 585

unit conversion factor for,

450

Total, in addition, 16

Total amount, interest and, 560,

584

Total cost, formula for, 536, 578

Transversal

defined, 726, 815

two in some geometric figures,

729

Trapezoid

defined, 767, 769, 824, 825

finding area of, 781, 826

isosceles, 770, 825

Triangle

See alsospecific types

altitude of, 781

angles of, 739, 818

corresponding points of, 822

defined, 737, 817

finding area of, 227, 299, 781,

826

finding perimeter of, 826

finding unknown measures of

with algebra, 739, 818

using similar triangles, 760

similar

AAA similarity theorem for,

759, 822

defined, 757, 822

finding lengths with, 760

property of, 758, 823

rules for, 758

Triple-bar graph, 596, 622

Undetermined fraction, 210

Unit (educational), 628

Unit conversion factor

See alsoMetric unit conversion

factor

for capacity, 449, 492

defined, 445, 485

for length, 445, 491

for lengths, 470

for mass, 491

for time, 450

using multiple, 446, 472, 486, 491

for weight, 447, 471

Unit price, 422, 481

Unit rate, 420, 481

Unlike terms, 652

Value, range of, 160, 196

Variable

defined, 49, 119, 287, 432, 638,

696

in an equation, 658

isolated, 433, 660

isolating, 516

Vertex

of an angle, 714, 812

of a polygon, 736, 817

Vertex angle, 738, 818

Vertical angle

congruent property of, 717, 813

defined, 716, 813

Vertical axis, 595, 622

Vertical form

for addition problems, 16, 115

for multiplication problems, 40,

118

for subtraction problems, 29, 117

Volume, 801, 831

Index I-5