Programming in C

458 Appendix A C Language Summary

8.6 The gotoStatement

The general format for declaring the gotostatement is as follows:

goto identifier;

Execution of the gotocauses control to be sent directly to the statement labeled

identifier.The labeled statement must be located in the same function as the goto.

8.7 The ifStatement

One general format for declaring an ifstatement is as follows:

if ( expression)

programStatement

If the result of evaluating expressionis nonzero,programStatementis executed; other-

wise, it is skipped.

Another general format for declaring an ifstatement is as follows:

if ( expression)

programStatement_1

else

programStatement_2

If the value of expressionis nonzero, the programStatement_1is executed; otherwise,

programStatement_2is executed. If programStatement_2is another ifstatement, an

if-else ifchain is affected:

if ( expression_1)

programStatement_1

else if ( expression_2)

programStatement_2

else

programStatement_n

An elseclause is always associated with the last ifstatement that does not contain an

else. Braces can be used to change this association if necessary.

8.8 The nullStatement

The general format for declaring the nullstatement is as follows:

;

Execution of a null statement has no effect and is used primarily to satisfy the require-

ment of a program statement in a for,do, or whileloop. For example, in the following

statement, which copies a character string pointed to by fromto one pointed to by to:

while ( *to++ = *from++ )

;

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