Teaching English as a Foreign Language

Introduction

Part I: Getting Started in TEFL

Chapter 1: Discovering the Wonderful World of TEFL

Chapter 2: Looking at What TEFL Teachers Actually Do

Chapter 3: Examining Courses, Qualifi cations and Jobs

Part II: Putting Your Lesson Together

Chapter 4: Starting from the Beginning: Planning the Lesson

Chapter 5: Standing in the Spotlight: Presenting to the Class

Giving Students Practice Chapter 6: Holding the Reins and Letting Them Loose –

Chapter 7: Giving Correction and Feedback

Chapter 8: Being Materialistic! Using Course Books and Other Materials

Chapter 9: Who’s The Boss around Here? Managing Your Classroom

Part III: Teaching Skills Classes

Chapter 10: Taken as Read: Teaching Reading Lessons

Chapter 11: Write or Wrong? Teaching Writing Lessons

Chapter 12: What Accent? Teaching Pronunciation..................................................

Chapter 13: Setting Their Tongues Wagging: Speaking and Discussion

Chapter 14: In One Ear, Out the Other: Learning To Listen

and How to Teach It Part IV: The Grammar You Need to Know –

Chapter 15: Stop Press! Student to Deliver Sentence

Chapter 16: Feeling Tense? Sorting Out Verb Tenses

Chapter 17: Exploring More Important Verb Structures

Part V: What Kind of Class Will I Have?

Chapter 18: Putting Students to the Test....................................................................

Chapter 19: Getting Specifi c: Teaching Just One Student and Business English

Chapter 20: Getting Youth on Your Side: Coping with Younger Learners

Chapter 21: Making the Grade: Handling Exam Classes

Chapter 22: Distinguishing Monolingual and Multi-lingual Classes

Part VI: The Part of Tens

Chapter 23: Ten Ways to Liven Up an English Lesson

Chapter 24: Ten Great Resources for TEFL Teachers

Appendix A: Lesson Plan Templates

Appendix B: TEFL Locations around the World............

Index

Introduction Table of Contents

About This Book

Conventions Used in This Book

Foolish Assumptions

How This Book Is Organised
- Part I: Getting Started In TEFL
- Part II: Putting Your Lesson Together
- Part III: How to Teach Skills Classes
- Part IV: The Grammar You Need to Know – and How to Teach It
- Part V: What Kind of Class Will I Have?...............................................
- Part VI: The Part of Tens

Icons Used in This Book

Where to Go from Here

Part I: Getting Started in TEFL

Chapter 1: Discovering the Wonderful World of TEFL..
- Understanding Why English
- Looking at the TEFL Marketplace
  - Considering countries – both home and abroad
  - Changing with the seasons
  - Teaching trends
- Getting Out There
  - Preparing to leave town
  - Setting up elsewhere
- Thinking About a Stint or a Life in TEFL
  - Filling gap years and career breaks
  - Planning a new life
  - Addressing some qualms

Chapter 2: Looking at What TEFL Teachers Actually Do..
- Answering Common Questions
  - Can I teach English without knowing the students’ language?
  - Do I have to translate?.........................................................................
  - Will the students be children?
  - Do I have to know all the grammar in the English language?
  - Can I teach without a degree and formal qualifi cations?................
  - I hated language lessons at school. Will the job be like that?
    - students to work through? Are there lots of books and exercises for
    - What kind of person makes an ideal TEFL teacher?........................ xii Teaching English as a Foreign Language For Dummies
    - Does it matter that I’m not a native speaker?
    - How many students will I have?
    - Is it okay if I don’t ‘talk posh’?
    - Will the students like me?
    - How will I know what to do?
- Talking to Students and So Much More – Teaching Basics
  - Teaching the easier words fi rst
  - Focusing on the most useful words
  - Giving students room to talk
  - Keeping things relevant
- Recognising What Your Students Want from You

Chapter 3: Examining Courses, Qualifi cations and Jobs.
- Teaching the Teacher
  - Finding your level
  - Being an unqualifi ed teacher
  - Getting initiated
  - Becoming a qualifi ed teacher
- Getting on Course
  - Entering introductory courses
  - Signing up for a certifi cate course
  - Keeping your distance.........................................................................
  - Going for a diploma course
  - Staying in for in-house training
- Banking on Salaries
- Finding Work

Part II: Putting Your Lesson Together

Chapter 4: Starting from the Beginning: Planning the Lesson.
- Deciding What to Teach
  - Beginner
  - Elementary
  - Pre-intermediate
  - Intermediate
  - Upper-intermediate
  - Advanced
  - Profi ciency
- Keeping Things Relevant
- Getting into Grading
- Setting Aims and Objectives
- Getting Your Timing Down and Planning for Interaction
- Assembling Presentation, Practice and Production
  - Introducing the point
  - Analysing the point
    - Trialling the language Table of Contents xiii
    - Giving your students free practice
- Stepping Out of the Spotlight to Let Your Students Shine

Chapter 5: Standing in the Spotlight: Presenting to the Class.

Eliciting Answers – Ask, Don’t Tell!

Creating Interest with Visual Aids
- Showing and telling – pictures and objects
- Travelling along timelines and tenses
- Using the board effectively

Doing Concept Checks

Introducing Vocabulary
- Sharing function and connotation
- Fish and? Teaching vocabulary in chunks
- All right mate! Teaching posh words and slang
  - synonyms and antonyms Talking about words that mean the same and opposites –

Presenting Grammar

Giving Students Practice. Chapter 6: Holding the Reins and Letting Them Loose –

Practising New Words
- Practising with the whole class fi rst
- Practising alone
- Practising in pairs
- Practising in groups

Moving to the Production Stage
- Writing and speaking
- Role-playing in pairs
- Getting dramatic in groups

Giving Instructions

Putting Students into Pairs and Groups

Trying Out Practice and Production Activities
- Writing a blurb
- Doing class surveys and reports........................................................
- Playing Mastermind
- Producing predictions

Chapter 7: Giving Correction and Feedback.

Knowing What to Correct and When
- Judging accuracy, timing and value
- Exploring the nature of the error

Letting Your Fingers Do the Talking
- Using your hands
- Teaching with body language

Leading to Self Correction
- Progressing by prompting
- Examining echoing

Encouraging Peer Correction xiv Teaching English as a Foreign Language For Dummies

Scheduling Class Feedback

Wielding Your Red Pen
- Marking with correction codes
- Choosing written errors to work with
- Marking criteria
- Praising the good bits

Exposing Progress

Books and Other Materials. Chapter 8: Being Materialistic! Using Course
- Wasting No Time Reinventing the Wheel
- Listing Popular Course Books and Published Resources
  - Going for general English books
  - Imparting business English...............................................................
  - Starting off younger learners
- Adapting Your Course Book
  - Catering to a class of mixed ability
  - Dealing with mixed age groups
  - Setting tasks........................................................................................
- Making Use of Authentic Materials
- Designing Your Own Materials
- Using What’s at Hand

Managing Your Classroom. Chapter 9: Who’s The Boss around Here?
- Running Your Classes Effectively
- Organising Your Classroom
  - Considering basic equipment...........................................................
  - Arranging the room
- Establishing Classroom Rules
- Keeping Order
- Troubleshooting
  - Dealing with disruptive students
  - Handling a lack of participation
  - Attending to poor attendance

Part III: Teaching Skills Classes

Chapter 10: Taken as Read: Teaching Reading Lessons..
- Choosing a Text
  - Starting with the ABCs
  - Reading whole words
    - the help of punctuation Graduating from words to sentences with
  - Looking at length Table of Contents xv
  - Judging interest and relevance

Working with the Text
- Getting ready to read: Pre-reading tasks
- Finding your way around
- Getting the gist
- Getting down to the nitty-gritty
- Predicting
- Summarising

Handling Vocabulary
- Before you set off
- Along the way
- Try another route

Working on Skills Associated with Reading
- Including reading-related skills
- Doing more than reading

Reading Case Study

Chapter 11: Write or Wrong? Teaching Writing Lessons.

Putting Pen to Paper
- Paying attention to basic writing skills
- Completing sentences
- Moving on to paragraphs

Structuring a Writing Lesson
- Energising the class with pre-writing tasks
- Setting the writing task and explaining the stages

Registering the Right Degree of Formality

Writing Case Study

Chapter 12: What Accent? Teaching Pronunciation.

Repeat after Me
- Repeating fi rst
- Repeating as a class and individually

Using Phonology: Sound and Spelling
- Getting to know the 44 key sounds of English
- Using phonemes in class

Adding Emphasis to Words and Syllables
- Impotent or important? Placing emphasis on syllables................
- Emphasising words............................................................................

Improving Fluency through Pronunciation

Watch Your Tone! – Intonation

Speaking and Discussion. Chapter 13: Setting Their Tongues Wagging:

Getting Students Talking
- Warming up
- Talking about communicative activities
  - How About You? Extending Conversations xvi Teaching English as a Foreign Language For Dummies
    - Helping students depart from the script
    - Following up
  - In My Opinion – Agreeing, Disagreeing and Negotiating
    - Expressing an opinion
    - Interjecting, rephrasing and summing up.......................................
  - Planning a Discussion Lesson
    - Choosing the right topic
    - Creating structure in the discussion
    - Paying attention without taking over

Chapter 14: In One Ear, Out the Other: Learning To Listen.
- Structuring Your Lesson
- Choosing a Listening Activity
  - Finding material from the real world
  - Choosing the material from course books
  - Using CDs and DVDs for authentic listening
- Whetting Students’ Appetites
  - Motivating students to listen
  - Running through some pre-listening tasks
- Come Again? Repeating the Text
  - Listening for the basic idea
  - Listening for detail
- Planning Follow-Up Activities

and How to Teach It Part IV: The Grammar You Need to Know –

Chapter 15: Stop Press! Student to Deliver Sentence.
- Starting with the Basics: Subjects, Verbs and Objects
  - Thinking about subjects
  - Activating verbs
  - Acting on the object
- Proposing Prepositions
- Introducing Articles
  - Using the indefi nite a/an
  - Getting specifi c with ‘the’
  - Foregoing the article altogether
- Describing Adjectives and Adverbs
  - Sprucing up a noun with an adjective
  - Expanding on verbs with adverbs
- Connecting with Conjunctions Table of Contents xvii
  - Differentiating conjunctions
  - Weaving conjunctions into writing and speaking

Chapter 16: Feeling Tense? Sorting Out Verb Tenses.

I Speak, I Spoke, I’ve Spoken: Identifying the Tenses

Beginning with the Present Simple

Staying Continuously in the Present

Going Back to the Past, Simply

Remembering a Moment in the Past

Presenting the Present Perfect Simple
- Sharing experiences
- Continuing from the past until the present
- Anticipating expectations
- Noting recent changes

Acting in the Present Perfect Continuous
- Moving from the past until the present
- Showing recent changes

Getting to the Past Perfect Simple
- Seeing the structure
- Plotting a timeline

Focusing on the Past Perfect Continuous

Expressing the Future
- Doing the future simple
- Going into the future continuous
- Getting to the future perfect
- Looking forward to the future perfect continuous
- Talking about ‘To be going to’..........................................................

Chapter 17: Exploring More Important Verb Structures.

Knowing Your Modals
- Identifying modal verbs
- Comparing the modal verbs and what they do..............................

Sorting Out Phrasal Verbs
- Following the rules about separable and inseparable phrasals
- Teaching phrasal verbs

If I Were You Conditional Structures
- Being general: The zero conditional
- Depending on the possible: The fi rst conditional
- Imagining the second conditional....................................................
- Reviewing the past with the third conditional

Part V: What Kind of Class Will I Have? xviii Teaching English as a Foreign Language For Dummies

Chapter 18: Putting Students to the Test.
- Testing Early to Discover Your Students’ Needs
  - Having them test themselves
  - Assigning levels through placement tests
  - Testing for profi ciency
- Testing to Establish the Best Course
  - Testing progress
  - Testing achievement
- Marking Tests
- Looking at Alternatives to Testing

Student and Business English. Chapter 19: Getting Specifi c: Teaching Just One
- Evaluating One-to-Ones
  - Listing pros and cons for the student
  - Talking pros and cons for the teacher
  - Planning and teaching a one-to-one lesson
- Working at Teaching Business English

Coping with Younger Learners. Chapter 20: Getting Youth on Your Side:
- Teaching Kids’ Classes – Dream or Nightmare?
  - Looking at how little ones learn
  - Sorting out what young learners need
- Imagining Once Upon a Time
  - Getting the grammar
  - Expanding vocabulary
- TEFL Tiddlywinks: Using Games to Teach
  - Adapting real games
  - Using games from course books
- Tuning-In to Songs and Nursery Rhymes
  - Choosing the right song
  - Teaching your class to sing
- Keeping Teenagers Interested
  - Intriguing students with international English...............................
  - Spelling out abbreviations
  - Playing Kim’s game
  - Offering advice with problem pages

Chapter 21: Making the Grade: Handling Exam Classes..
- Exploring University Entrance Exams
  - IELTS (International English Language Testing System)
  - TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language)
- Going for More General English Exams Table of Contents xix
  - of Other Languages) exams Cambridge ESOL (English for Speakers
  - Other exams
- Sharpening Study Skills and Exam Techniques
  - Writing especially for exams
  - Reading for exams
  - Speaking in exams
  - Listening in exams
- Teaching Exam Classes
  - Organising your course
  - Using English exam papers: Teaching what sounds ‘English’

Multi-lingual Classes. Chapter 22: Distinguishing Monolingual and
- Speaking the Same: Monolingual Classes
  - Predicting errors
  - Using the students’ language
  - Pointing out the pitfalls of monolingual classes
  - Creating an ‘English’ environment
- Diversifying with Multi-lingual Classes
  - Building rapport
  - Managing learning
  - Going beyond language: Teaching culture
- Applying Case Studies
  - The English class in Italy
  - The English class in London

Part VI: The Part of Tens

Chapter 23: Ten Ways to Liven Up an English Lesson.
- Bring in Real-World Objects
- Step Outside the Classroom
- Browse the Net
- Start a Project
- Let the Students Teach
- Starting Out with ‘Once Upon a Time’
- Open Up Your Life
- Move Around
- Play a Game
- Get Musical

Teaching English as a Foreign Language

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