54 Part II: Putting Your Lesson Together
✓ Modal verbs in the past: I could have come.
✓ Passive verb forms: The room was cleaned.
✓ The verb to wish: I wish I could go, you wish you were me (after wish you
use a verb in one of the past tenses, so students have to learn this verb
separately)
✓ To be used to/ to get used to: I’m used to London now but I’m still getting
used to my new job. Students easily confuse these two grammatical struc-
tures for familiar activities and activities that are becoming familiar.
✓ Past perfect continuous tense: I had been working.
✓ Future perfect: I will have written it.
Vocabulary to cover includes:
✓ Adjectives of personality: generous, manipulative.
✓ Medical problems: ache, bruise, sprain.
✓ Crime words: to arrest, fraud, mugging.
✓ Feelings: hurt, fascinated, relieved.
✓ Science and technology words: software, appliance.
✓ Media and communications words: broadcasting, the press.
Advanced
Students at this level are able to communicate with native speakers without
much difficulty. They get the gist of most texts and conversations and have
sufficient vocabulary to express themselves on a wide variety of topics. The
grammar and vocabulary they use is similar to that of native speakers even
when it’s not strictly necessary to be understood. Question tags, which I
show in the following grammar list, provide a good example of this.
Grammar to cover includes:
✓ Prefixes and suffixes: unlike, likeable.
✓ Compound nouns: tooth + paste = toothpaste.
✓ Ellipsis and substitutions (words you can leave out or replace with
something else): This one is bigger. One represents another noun so it’s
a substitution. Sometimes you leave words out completely because the
meaning is clear. For example: This one is bigger (than the other thing).
When I leave out the words in brackets it’s an example of ellipsis.
✓ Question tags: You like that, don’t you?
