Environmental Biotechnology - Theory and Application

282 Index

Clean technology 50–1, 61, 76, 77–86,
230, 235, 247, 249, 252–6, 259,
269–73
Cloning
procedures 216–26
vectors 219
Clostridium 259
Codon preference 227
Colonisation of the rhizosphere 256
Colony 14
Comensals 258
Cometabolism 55
Competence 14
Composting 107, 164, 183–91, 245, 258
Concentrate and Contain 69
Conjugation 60
Consortia 12
Corynebacteria 259
Cost issues 7, 76–7, 82, 89–91, 110–1,
139, 144, 158, 194, 215, 230, 248–9,
269, 274
Crop quality improvements 224
Crown gall 262
Cyanide 32
Cyanobacteria 37, 259

Dark Reactions 41–3
Darwin, Charles Robert 1
DDT 57
Deep Shaft Process 134
Degradation of pollutants 11
Denitrification 31, 33–4, 123, 149, 158
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) 14, 19
(fig), 21(fig)
mobility 59–61, 214
rearrangements 60
Desulphurisation of coal and oil 80–1
Dilute and Disperse 68
Drosophila 2

EDTA 154
Effluents 4, 113–41, 154–64, 264
Eichhornia 157
Electron Transport Chain 23, 28, 31–5,
37–41
Embden-Meyerhof Pathway 16 (fig), 22
Endocrine disrupters 25, 56, 269
Endomycorrhizae 258, 261–2
Endophytic bacteria 258
Endosymbiotic Theory 13
Endotoxin,δ 227
Entner-Doudoroff Pathway 22

Environmental microbial analysis 47

Enzymes 51, 78, 148, 174, 205

Equilibrium, algal and bacterial 163

Ethanol production 204, 242–4

Ethinyloestradiol, 17α-56

Eukaryotes 12

Eutrophication, functional 163, 205–7

Expression of genetic information 21

(fig)

Expression vectors 220

Extensive technologies 94

Extrachromosomal elements 60

Extremophiles 50–4, 61, 270

Extremozymes 51–2, 270–1

Fats 24

Fermentation 23, 29

Ferns 144, 145

Filamentous bulking 132

Filter media 73–4, 127–8, 129

fixgenes 261

Floc 130, 131–2

Food to Microorganism (F:M) Ratio

133–4

“Foreign” genes 215, 274–5

Fossil fuels 165–7, 238

Fungi 13, 185, 257, 261–2, 263

Galactosidase,β(β-gal) 221

Genetic Engineering 1, 149, 213–33,

253

techniques 216–26

Genetically Manipulated Organisms

(GMOs) 2, 49, 252, 273–5, 276

Genome/genes 20, 21 (fig)

Genomic libraries 218

Global warming 165, 237–8

Glucuronidase,β(GUS) 57, 221

Glucuronidation 56

Glycogen 28

Glycolysis 16 (fig), 22

Glyoxalate Cycle 16 (fig), 24

Glyphosate 226

Gratuitous degradation 55

“Green” chemistry 51

Greenhouse gases 238, 258

Halophiles 53, 271

Hatch-Slack Pathway 39 (fig), 42, 43

Hemicellulose 174

High Rate Algal Pond 163–5

Horizontal spread/transfer 14, 273, 275