Kant: A Biography

436 Notes to Pages 48-53

84. Vorländer, Kants Leben, p. 25. He was only in his first year of Hebrew, but it was
    not taught at the lowest levels. Arithmetic also had only three classes.


85. The phrase is Vorländer's (see Kants Leben, p. 27).


86. Vorländer, Kants Leben, p. 32; Rink, Ansichten, p. 20; see also Borowski, for es¬
    sentially the same report.


87. See also E A. Gotthold, "Andenken an Johann Cunde, einen Freund Kant's und
    Ruhnken's," Neuepreussische Provincial-Blätter, second series, 3 (1853), pp. 241—


88. Cunde was born in 1724 or 1725, and he went to the same primary school
    as Ruhnken. So Ruhnken and Cunde knew each other before coming to Königs¬
    berg. Cunde came to the Collegium Fridericianum in 1735 with a stipend. He lived
    at the school and graduated in 1741. Like Kant, he then studied at the Univer¬
    sity of Königsberg.


89. Borowski, Leben, p. 39.


90. Borowski, Leben, p. 38.


91. Ibid.; Reicke, Kantiana, pp. 39, 43.


92. See also Jachmann, Kant, p. 148: "Of the modern languages he understood
    French, but did not speak it."


93. Schiffert in Klemme, Die Schule Immanuel Kants, p. 105.


94. Schiffert in Klemme, Die Schule Immanuel Kants, p. 88 (the book first appeared
    in 1717).


95. Ibid.


96. Borowski, Leben, p. 91.


97. Schiffert in Klemme, Die Schule Immanuel Kants, p. 91.


98. Ak 9 (Anthropology), p. 473.


99. Melton, Absolutism and Compulsory Schooling, p. 42.


100. Schiffert in Klemme, Die Schule Immanuel Kants, p. 97.


101. Ak 7, pp. I32f. Introspection of this sort should not be confused with the "Höl¬
     lenfahrt der Selbsterkenntnis" which for Kant is a necessary condition for becom¬
     ing moral (see Ak 6, p. 441 and related passages). Kant was careful to distinguish
     it from the "enthusiastic" condemnation of ourselves practiced by the Pietists.
     See Klemme, Die Schule Immanuel Kants, p. 44n.


102. Mortzfeld in Malter, Kant in Rede und Gespräch, p. 75; see also G Zippel,
     Geschichte des Königlichen Friedrichs-Kollegiums zu Königsberg Preussen, i6g8-
     i8g8 (Königsberg, 1898), p. 114f, who said that the whip was used for corporeal
     punishment.


103. Jachmann, Kant, p. 135. The teacher who was not so strict was probably Heyden-
     reich. Kant described him as teacher with a "fragile and droll body, who com¬
     manded always a great deal of attention, obedience, and respect in him and some
     other students because they could learn in his classes a great deal." This raises
     the question of how much "attention, obedience, and respect" other teachers
     commanded.


104. Borowski, Leben, p. 39.


105. Jachmann, Kant, p. 135.


106. Hasse, Merkwürdige Äußerungen, p. 34.


107. Francke, Kurzer und einfältiger Unterricht, p. 15; see also Melton, Absolutism and
     Compulsory Schooling, p. 43.