Though the order was signed by the king in September 1727, Abraham Wolff
could take up his post only after a delay of six months. But then the Pietists con¬
sistently and ruthlessly used their power to eliminate any candidate who did not
conform to their standards. They advanced only those whom they judged to have
a reliable Pietistic background. Rogall, Wolff, and others also took over other in¬
stitutions of higher learning, like the Lithuanian seminary, of which Abraham
Wolff became the new director (by royal decree). This created a great deal of re¬
sentment. There were protests by students, who threw stones into the windows of
Wolff's house, for example.
Riedesel, Pietismus und Orthodoxie, p. 38. In Königsberg the primary target of the
Pietists was, of course, Fischer. While the other Wolffians were careful not to
mention Wolff's name or to call attention to their views, Fischer characterized the
Pietists as mere simpletons, ridiculed their positions in his lectures, and confessed
"the irrefutable, eternal truths" of Wolffian thought. Rogall informed on Fischer
through Francke in Halle. This incident harmed the Pietists more than it helped
them. Many who were not in agreement with Fischer found the tactics of the
Pietists distasteful, and Fischer's followers disrupted Rogall's classes. Rogall asked
the king (again through Francke) to soften the punishment (from banishment to
a prohibition of lecturing), but to no avail. This was not the only incident. In fact,
two years later, the Pietists had someone else removed, namely the "notorious
atheist Lau," who appeared to be influenced by Spinozism.
Paul Konschel, Der junge Hamann nach seinen Briefen im Rahmen der lokalen Kir-
chengeschichte (Königsberg, 1915), p. 5.
Stuckenberg, Kant, p. 41.
Konschel, Der junge Hamann, p. 5.
Frederick the Great is reported to have said: "Quandt is the only German orator."
See Walther Hubatsch, Geschichte der evangelischen Kirche in Ostpreussen, I, p. 200.
His most important student and friend was Gottsched. See Riedesel, Pietismus und
Orthodoxie, pp. 2Öf.
Erdmann, Knutzen, p. 21.
This was Hippel, who himself had been brought up in accordance with Pietistic
principles; see Hippel, Sämtliche Werke, XII, p. 96.
Erdmann, Knutzen, p. 27. For a discussion of the relation between Pietism and
literature, see Wolfgang Martens, Literatur und Frömmigkeit in der Zeit der frühen
Aufklärung (Tübingen: Niemeyer, 1989). Martens concentrates on Halle, but most
of what he says holds for Königsberg as well.
Konschel, Der junge Hamann, p. 7.
48. Konschel, Der junge Hamann, pp. 2of.
Erdmann, Knutzen, p. 37; Riedesel, Pietismus und Orthodoxie, p. ^99: "Schultz,
Kypke, Salthenius and Arnoldt formed a brotherhood which remained of one
opinion."
50. Maker, Kant in Rede und Gespräch, p. 21.
51. Vorländer, Immanuel Kant, I, p. 50; Arnoldt, "Kant's Jugend," pp. 322f. I quote
the relevant edict in accordance with Riccardo Pozzo, Kant und das Problem einer
Einleitung in die Logik. Ein Beitrag zur Rekonstruktion der historischen Hintergründe
von Kanu Logik-Kolleg (Frankfurt, 1989), p. 2: "Each Professor publicus Ordinarius
