Ak 1, p. 21. See Watkins, "Kant's Theory of Physical Influx," p. 289.
Ak 1, p. 20. Knutzen did talk about this in terms of motion.
Emil Arnoldt, "Kant's Jugend," pp. 608-609. The same phrase was used when Kant
himself died.
Ak 6, p. 382.
Even if no Kant biographer has ever paid attention to this fact.
See p. 427, note 3, this volume.
Although most of biographers claim that Kant left much earlier, their reasoning
is suspect. I follow Waschkies here (see Waschkies, Physik und Physikotheologie,
p. 14). Waschkies, like everyone before him, fails to take into account the family
situation, which provides further support for this dating. Kant's youngest brother
was already twelve when his uncle took him in. This suggests that the household
was dissolved in 1748. Before then, Kant and his sisters must have cared for their
little brother.
See Harald Paul Fischer, "Eine Antwort auf Kants Briefe vom 23. August, 1749,"
Kant-Studien 76 (1985), pp. 79-89, and "Kant an Euler," Kant-Studien 85 (1985),
pp. 214-218.
The German reads: "Auf des Herrn K Gedanken von der wahren Schätzung
der lebendigen Kräfte / K unternimmt ein schwer Geschäfte, / Der Welt zum
Unterricht. / Er schätzet die lebendgen Kräfte, / Nur seine schätzt er nicht."
Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, Werke, 8 vols., ed. Herbert G. Göpfert, Karl Eibl,
Helmut Göbel, Karl S. Guthke, Gerd Hillen, Albert von Schirmding, and Jörg
Schönen (München: Carl Hanser, 1970-), I, p. 47.
Ak7, p. 201.
Reicke, Kantiana, p. 7. Kraus notes that he does not know anything of a stay with
the Keyserlingk family. See also Fritz Schütz, "Immanuel Kant, Studiosus
Philosophiae, in Judtschen," Kant-Studien 11 (1916), pp. 226-229. Schütz ar¬
gues that Kant was not a Hofmeister with Andersch, but an adjunct or auxiliary
teacher. The schoolmaster he was to have helped was Jacob Challet. Kant did be¬
come on October 23, 1748, the godfather of Challet's son Samuel. It is thus
possible that Kant was primarily an adjunct of Challet, and secondarily a private
teacher of Andersch's younger sons.
Arnoldt, "Kant's Jugend," pp. is6f. See also Waschkies, Physik und Physikothe¬
ologie, p. 25.
J. M. R. Lenz, a student of Kant, later wrote a drama called Der Hofmeister, which
depicts the miserable lot of a member of this profession. See also Franz Werner,
Soziale Unfreiheit und 'bürgerliche Intelligenz' im 18. Jahrhundert. Der organisato¬
rische Gesichtspunkt injf. M. R. Lenz's Drama 'Der Hofmeister oder die Vorteile der
Privaterziehung' (Frankfurt: Rita G. Fischer Verlag, 1981), pp. 93-294; and Hein¬
rich Bosse, "Berufsprobleme der Akademiker im Werk von J. M. R. Lenz," in
'Unaufhörlich Lenz gelesen.. .' Studien zu Leben und Werk von J. M. R. Lenz,
ed. Inge Stephan and Hans-Gerd Winter (Stuttgart and Weimar: Metzler, 1994),
PP- 38-51-
See Werner, Soziale Unfreiheit, and Bosse, "Berufsprobleme der Akademiker,"
for vivid descriptions of the usual plight of the Hofmeister. Also interesting is
