Kant: A Biography

494 Notes to Pages 328-334

however, unfairly criticize Herder for not responding to Kant's essay "On the

Use of Teleological Principles in Philosophy." Since the essay was written after

the appearance of his God and published only at the beginning of 1788, he did

not know it.

Chapter 8: Problems with Religion and Politics (1788-1795)

1. Jachmann, Leben, p. 130.


2. Stark, "Kant und Kraus," pp. 179/. See also pp. 267-269, this volume.


3. Kant, Practical Philosophy, p. 128.


4. Ibid.


5. Kant, Practical Philosophy, p. 130.


6. Kant, Practical Philosophy, p. 131. For some notes by Kant, see Ak 23, pp. 79—81.


7. Quoted after Stark, "Kant und Kraus," p. 174.


8. Quoted after Stark, "Kant und Kraus," p. 175.


9. Quoted after Stark, "Kant und Kraus," p. 177.


10. Stark, "Kant und Kraus," p. 190.


11. It is the author of the notes who speaks of a "union into which they had entered
    with this ring, namely to live only for each other." Whether or not something like
    this existed in the heads of Kraus and Kant is far from clear. Similarly, there
    seems no reason to doubt that Kant gave Kraus a ring, but what this meant apart
    from being a sign of Kant's gratefulness to Kraus is open to speculation. I am in¬
    clined to think that it meant no more than that.


12. Voigt, Kraus, p. 202.


13. Brahl in Maker, Kant in Rede und Gespräch, p. 319.


14. Brahl in Maker, Kant in Rede und Gespräch, p. 318.


15. The witness is Brahl. Kant had a standing invitation with the Keyserlingks on
    Tuesday. Kraus had to eat alone on Tuesdays anyway (see Hamann, Briefwechsel,
    VII, p. 164). So what Brahl observed must have taken place when Kant no longer
    attended the Keyserlingks' dinners. The countess died on August 15, 1791. Her
    husband had died in 1787. But, as the following section shows, Kant still attended
    her dinner parties after her husband died. It is not unlikely, though, that Kant
    no longer came or that she stopped giving the dinners in early 1789.


16. Voigt, Kraus, p. 132.


17. Voigt, Kraus, p. 271.


18. This is false. The agreement was to share the expenses.


19. Hamann, Briefwechsel, IV, p. 78. On the other hand, Hamann said about Kant in
    1780 that "he cannot appreciate any hero from this race (Volk)." This was about
    Lessing's "Nathan the Wise," which was among other things a tribute to Men¬
    delssohn. These remarks are contradicted by an account about what took place
    shortly after Mendelssohn's death; see pp. 319-320, this volume.


20. Borowski, Leben, p. 69 (Maker, Kant in Rede und Gespräch, p. 318).


21. Ak 6, p. 428 (Practical Philosophy, pp. 552f).


22. Hamann, Briefwechsel, VII, p. 164 (Maker, Kant in Rede und Gespräch, p. 321). At
    least at this time. Before he had his own household, i. e., before the middle of
    April 1787, he attended these dinner parties even more often.