action of the mole. This was called the bio-plough (Fig. 16.3)
because it enhanced the energy in the soil. Its action was to rotate
the soil through 360°, so that what was originally on the surface was
returned to the surface. This minimized water loss and the sub-sur-
face micro-organisms were never exposed to direct sunlight (heat)
and could continue their work undisturbed.
These experiments clearly proved the great advantage of the cop-
per-based ploughs. The great increase in productivity with their use
would quickly recover the cost of replacing iron or steel ploughs. The
trials had created a lot of interest, but Viktor came up against bureau-
cratic corruption that defeated his plans. Copper being in short sup-
ply just after the war, he had to go to the Ministry of Agriculture to
obtain what he needed. It is alleged that the Minister was being
seduced with large bribes by the chemical companies to introduce
chemical fertilizers, and indicated that he expected Viktor to do the
- SOIL FERTILITY AND CULTIVATION
Fig. 16.3. The bio-plough, 1948.