130 CHAPTERELEVEN
FIGURE 11.15.Horizontal Masonry Reinforcement.
(Courtesy of Dur-O-Wall)Wall Ties. Wall ties (Figure 11.17) are used to tie the
outer wythe with the inner wythe. They allow the mason to
construct one wythe of wall to a given height before working
on the other wythe, resulting in increased productivity. Wall
ties are available in a variety of sizes and shapes, including
corrugated strips of metal 1^1 ⁄ 4 inches wide and 6 inches long
(about 22 gauge) and wire bent to a variety of shapes.
Adjustable wall ties are among the most popular, as they may
be used where the coursing of the inner and outer wythes is
not lined up. Noncorrosive metals or galvanized steel may be
used. Check the specifications for the type of ties required
and their spacing. To determine the amount required, take
the total square footage of masonry and divide it by the
spacing. A spacing of 16 inches vertically and 24 inches
horizontally requires one tie for every 2.66 sf; a spacing of
16 inches vertically and 36 inches horizontally requires one
tie for every 4.0 sf. Often, closer spacings are required. Also,
allow for extra ties at control joints, wall intersections, and
vertical supports as specified.Flashing. (Flashing is also discussed in Chapter 13,
Thermal and Moisture Protection.) The flashing (Figure 11.18)
built into the walls is generally installed by the mason. It is
installed to keep moisture out and to divert any moisture