Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology, 23rd Edition

CHAPTER 18Hypothalamic Regulation of Hormonal Functions 287

the permeability of the collecting ducts of the kidney to water,

thus concentrating the urine. Oxytocin acts on the breasts (lac-

tation) and the uterus (contraction).

■ The anterior pituitary secretes six hormones: adrenocortico-

tropic hormone (corticotropin, ACTH), thyroid-stimulating

hormone (thyrotropin, TSH), growth hormone, follicle-stimu-

lating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and prolactin

(PRL).

■ Other complex autonomic mechanisms that maintain the

chemical constancy and temperature of the internal environ-

ment are integrated in the hypothalamus.

MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS

For all questions, select the single best answer unless otherwise directed.

1. Thirst is stimulated by
   A) increases in plasma osmolality and volume.
   B) an increase in plasma osmolality and a decrease in plasma
   volume.
   C) a decrease in plasma osmolality and an increase in plasma
   volume.
   D) decreases in plasma osmolality and volume.
   E) injection of vasopressin into the hypothalamus.


2. When an individual is naked in a room in which the air temper-
   ature is 21 °C (69.8 °F) and the humidity 80%, the greatest
   amount of heat is lost from the body by
   A) elevated metabolism.
   B) respiration.
   C) urination.
   D) vaporization of sweat.
   E) radiation and conduction.

In questions 3–8, select A if the item is associated with (a) below, B

if the item is associated with (b) below, C if the item is associated

with both (a) and (b), and D if the item is associated with neither (a)

nor (b).

(a)V1A vasopressin receptors

(b) V 2 vasopressin receptors

3. Activation of Gs


4. Vasoconstriction


5. Increase in intracellular inositol triphosphate


6. Movement of aquaporin


7. Proteinuria


8. Milk ejection

CHAPTER RESOURCES

Brunton PJ, Russell JA, Douglas AJ: Adaptive responses of the

maternal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis during pregnancy

and lactation. J Neuroendocrinol. 2008;20:764.

Lamberts SWJ, Hofland LJ, Nobels FRE: Neuroendocrine tumor

markers. Front Neuroendocrinol 2001;22:309.

Loh JA, Verbalis JG: Disorders of water and salt metabolism

associated with pituitary disease. Endocrinol Metab Clin

2008;37:213.

McKinley MS, Johnson AK: The physiologic regulation of thirst and

fluid intake. News Physiol Sci 2004;19:1.