INDEX
693cell membrane, 32–34
centrosomes, 37
cilia, 37
cytoskeleton, 35–36
endoplasmic reticulum, 40
gap junctions, 39–40
Golgi apparatus, 40, 42
intercellular connections, 38–39
lysosomes, 34–35
mitochondria, 34
molecular motors, 37
nucleus, 40
peroxisomes, 35
quality control, 42
ribosomes, 40
vesicular traffic, 40–42
Cell signaling pathway, 51
Cellular immunity, 70
Cellular lipids, 24
Cellular physiology, 31–62
apoptosis, 42–43
calcium-binding proteins, 52–53
capillary wall, 49–50
caveolae, 44
cell adhesion molecules, 38
cell membrane, 32–34
centrosomes, 37
chemical messengers, 50–51
cilia, 37
coats, 45
cyclic AMP, 56
cytoskeleton, 35–36
diacylglycerol, 54–56
endocytosis, 43–44
endoplasmic reticulum, 40
exocytosis, 43
filtration, 49
functional morphology of cell, 31–43
G protein-coupled receptors, 54
G proteins, 53–54
gap junctions, 39–40
Golgi apparatus, 40, 42
growth factors, 57–58
guanylyl cyclase, 57
homeostasis, 58–59
inositol trisphosphate, 54–56
intercellular communication, 50–58
intercellular connections, 38–39
intracellular Ca
2+
as second messenger, 52
ion channels, 46–47
lysosomes, 34–35
mechanisms of diversity of Ca
2+
actions, 53
membrane permeability, 45–46
membrane transport proteins, 45–46
mitochondria, 34
molecular motors, 37
Na, K ATPase, 47
nucleus, 40
oncotic pressure, 49
peroxisomes, 35
production of cAMP by adenylyl cyclase,
56–57
quality control, 42
rafts, 44
receptors for chemical messengers, 50
regulation of Na, K ATPase activity, 47
ribosomes, 40
second messengers, 54–56
secondary active transport, 48–49
stimulation of transcription, 51–52
transcytosis, 49–50
transport across cell membranes, 43–49
transport across epithelia, 49
vesicle transport, 45
vesicular traffic, 40–42
Central connections of afferent fibers, 160
Central delay, 160
Central diabetes insipidus, 668
Central excitatory state, 165
Central executive, 292
Central herniation, 249
Central inhibitory state, 165
Central nervous system
axonal transport, 82–83
cellular elements in, 80–93
glial cells, 80
lesions, 176–177
neurons, 79, 80–82
Central venous pressure, 549–550
Centrioles, 37
Centrosome, 37
Cerebellar cortex, 254
Cerebellar hemispheres, 254
Cerebellum, 254–258
anatomic divisions, 254
cerebellar disease, 257–258
functional divisions, 257
learning, 258
mechanisms, 257
organization, 254–257
Cerebral blood flow, 574–576
autoregulation, 575
intracranial pressure, 575
Kety method, 574–575
sensory nerves, 575
vasomotor nerves, 575
Cerebral circulation, 569–571
innervation, 570–571
vessels, 569–570
Cerebral cortex, 229–231
Cerebral dominance, 295–296
Cerebral metabolic rate for O
2
, 576
Cerebrocerebellum, 257
Cerebrospinal fluid, 571–572
absorption, 571–572
formation, 571–572
head injuries, 572
protective function, 572
CFF.
See
Critical fusion frequency
cGMP.
See
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate
CGP.
See
Chorionic growth hormone-prolactin
CGRP.
See
Calcitonin gene-related peptide
Channelopathies, 47
Channels, 491
Chaperones, 17
Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease, 40
Chelating agents, 535
Chemical control of respiration, 627
Chemical gradient, 5, 46
Chemical synapse, 115
Chemical transmitters, 145–146
Chemically sensitive nociceptors, 167
Chemokines, 64, 69
Chemoreceptor trigger zone, 475
Chemoreceptors, 150, 219, 627
Chemotaxis, 64
Chest wall, 595–596
Cheyne–Stokes respiratory pattern, 249
Chief cells, 367
Childhood absence epilepsy, 233
Chloride shift, 612–613
Cholecystokinin, 443–446
Cholera toxin, 56
Choleretics, 486Cholesterol, 27
and atherosclerosis, 28
Cholesterol desmolase, 344
Cholesterol ester hydrolase, 344
Cholesterol esterase, 457
Cholesterol metabolism, 27, 313, 324
Choline acetyltransferase, 135
Cholinergic, 135
Cholinesterases, 135
Chorea, 252
Choreiform movements, 252
Chorionic growth hormone-prolactin, 424
Choroid, 181
Chromatin, 40
Chromogranin A, 138
Chromogranins, 138
Chromosomal abnormalities, 396–397
Chromosomes, 11, 40, 392
Chronic pain, 168
Chronotropic action, 514
Chronotropic effect, 556
Chylomicron remnants, 26
Chylomicrons, 26
Chyme, 475
Cilia, 37, 219
Ciliary body, 181
Ciliary neurotrophic factor, 91
Circadian, 229
Circadian rhythms, 229–240, 352–353.
See also
Diurnal rhythm
Circhoral secretion, 400
Circle of Willis, 569
Circulating vasoconstrictors, 567
Circulation, 535–543
angiogenesis, 539
arteries, 536–537
arterioles, 536–537
arteriovenous anastomoses, 538
average velocity, 541
blood flow measurement, 539
capacitance vessels, 543
capillaries, 537–538
critical closing pressure, 542
endothelium, 535
gene activation, 540–541
laminar flow, 540
law of Laplace, 542–543
lymphatics, 538
Poiseuille–Hagen formula, 541–542
resistance, 539, 542, 543
shear stress, 540–541
vascular smooth muscle, 536
veins, 538
venules, 538
viscosity, 542
Circulation time, 541
Circulatory system, 521
Circumvallate papillae, 223
Circumventricular organs, 573–574
Circus movement, 498
Clasp-knife effect, 163
Classic pathway, 69
Classification of pain, 168–171
deep pain, 169
referred pain, 170–171
visceral pain, 169–170
Classification of sensory receptors, 149–150
Clathrin, 43
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis, 43
Claudins, 38
Clearance, 643
Clearance receptor, 676