712 INDEX
Supratentorial lesions, 247
Surfactant, 597–598
Sustaining collateral, 126
Sustentacular cells, 219
Swallowing, 471
Sweet, taste of, 224
Sympathectomy, 556
Sympathetic chain, 263
Sympathetic cholinergic vasodilator system, 556
Sympathetic division, 263–265
Sympathetic noradrenergic discharge, 268–269
Sympathetic paravertebral ganglion, 263
Synapse en passant, 125
Synapses, 115–116
Synaptic activity, chemical transmission,
129–134
chemistry of transmitters, 129–130
receptors, 130–132
reuptake, 132–134
Synaptic cleft, 115
Synaptic delay, 118
Synaptic knobs, 80, 116
Synaptic plasticity and learning, 291–292
Synaptic vesicles, 116
Synaptobrevin, 117
Synchronization, 234
Syncytiotrophoblast, 423
Syndrome X, 334
Syndromic deafness, 214
Long QT syndrome, 214
Pendred syndrome, 214
Syntaxin, 117
Synthetic agonists, antagonists, 668
Synthetic estrogen, 418
Syntrophins, 96
Systemic regulation by hormones, 566–567
circulating vasoconstrictors, 567
kinins, 566
natriuretic hormones, 566
Systemic response to injury, 76
Systolic pressure, 507, 544
T
T system, 96
Tabes dorsalis, 662
Tachycardia, 497
Tachykinins, 143
Tacrolimus (FK-506), 75
Tactile acuity, 153
Tactile agnosia, 155
Tamoxifen, 418, 427
Tangent screen, 198
Tardive dyskinesia, 252
Ta s t e
intensity discriminations, 226
modalities, 224
transduction, 224–226
Taste buds, 223
Taste cells, 223
TATA box, 11
Taxol, 35
TBG. See Thyroxine-binding globulin
T cell receptors, 72
Tectorial membrane, 206
Tectospinal tract, 246
Temperature, 167–172, 611
afferents, 285
effect of, 405
fever, 285–286
heat loss, 284–285
heat production, 283–284
hypothermia, 286
normal body temperature, 283
regulation, 282–286
temperature-regulating mechanisms, 285
Temperature-regulating mechanisms, 285
Temporal bone, 205
Temporal pathway, 195
Temporal summation, 120
Tense configuration, 610
Tensor tympani, 203
Terminal boutons, 116
Terminal buttons, 80
Terminal cisterns, 96
Tertiary adrenal insufficiency, 360
Tertiary structure, 17
Testes, endocrine function, 406–409
actions, 407
anabolic effects, 408
estrogens, testicular production of, 409
mechanism of action, 408–409
metabolism, 407
secondary sex characteristics, 407–408
secretion, 407
testosterone, 406–407
transport, 407
Testicular descent, 410
Testicular feminizing syndrome, 398
Testicular function, 409–410
inhibins, 409–410
steroid feedback, 410
Testosterone, 392
Testotoxicosis, 59
Tetanus, 101
Tetanus toxin, 119
Tetrahydrobiopterin, 138
Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) deficiency, 138
Tetraploid, 13
TGF. See Transforming growth factor
TGFα. See Transforming growth factor alpha
Thalamic fasciculus, 250
Thalamic nuclei, 229–230
Thalamic reticular nucleus, 230
Thalamocortical loop, 235–236
Thalamostriatal pathway, 250
Thalamus, 229–231
Thebesian veins, 578
Theca interna, 412
Thelarche, 398
Thermal gradient, 284
Thermal nociceptors, 167
Thermodilution, 514
Thermoreceptors, 167–168
Theta rhythm, 234
Thiazolidinediones, 327
Third-degree heart block. See Complete heart
block
Third sound, 512
Thirst, 276
Thoracic pump, 549
Threshold intensity, 85
Threshold potential, 85
Thrombasthenic purpura, 75
Thrombocytopenic purpura, 75
Thrombocytosis, 523
Thrombomodulin, 533
Thrombopoietin, 75
Thromboxane A 2 , 563
Thyroglobulin, 304
Thyroglossal duct, 302
Thyroid gland, 301–314
calorigenesis, 310–312
calorigenic action, 310
carbohydrate metabolism, 313cardiovascular system, 312
catecholamines, 312
chemistry, 302–303
cholesterol metabolism, 313
control mechanisms, 308
fluctuations in binding, 306
formation, secretion, 302–305
growth, effects on, 313
iodide transport across thyrocytes, 303
iodine homeostasis, 303
mechanism of action, 308–310
metabolism of thyroid hormones, 305–307
nervous system, 312
protein binding, 305–306
regulation of thyroid secretion, 307–308
secretion, 302–305
skeletal muscle, 312
synthesis, 304–305
thyroid growth, 308
transport of thyroid hormones, 305–307
TSH, 307–308
Thyroid growth, 308
Thyroid hormone, 332
effects of, 308–313
formation, secretion, 302–305
metabolism, 305–307
secretion, 302–305
synthesis, 304–305
Thyroid hormones, 371
Thyroid hormone thermogenesis, 308
Thyroid isthmus, 302
Thyroid peroxidase, 304
Thyroid secretion, 307–308
Thyroid-stimulating hormone, 279, 377
chemistry, 307
effects on thyroid, 307–308
metabolism, 307
receptors, 308
Thyroid storms, 312
Thyrotoxic myopathy, 312
Thyrotropin, 279, 377
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone, 280
Thyroxine-binding globulin, 305
Tickle, 168
Tidal volume, 593
Tight junctions, 38
Timbre, 209
Timing, heart, 510
Tinnitus, 216
Tinohypothalamic fibers, 236
Tip links, 207
Tissue conductance, 284
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor, 533
Tissue kallikrein, 566
Tissue macrophage system, 65
Tissue macrophages, 65
Tissue renin–angiotensin systems, 672
Tissue-type plasminogen activator, 533
Titratable acidity, 680
Titration line, 685
Tm. See Transport maximum
Tolerance, 179
Tone, 110, 163
Tonic–clonic seizure, 233
Tonic contractions, 475
Tonic phase, 233
Tonic receptors. See Slowly adapting receptors
Tonicity, 6, 665
Tonsils, 605
Tonus, 110, 163
Torsade de pointes, 500
Total blood volume, 2