714 INDEX
Vestibular system, 213–216
central pathway, 214
linear acceleration, 215–216
rotational acceleration, 214–215
spatial orientation, 216
Vestibulocerebellum, 257
Vestibulo-ocular reflex, 215
Vestibulospinal tract, 246
Vibratory sensibility, 155
Virilization, 346
Visceral pain, 169–170
Visceral reflexes, respiratory components of, 633
Visceral smooth muscle, 109
Viscosity, 542
Vision, 181–202
accommodation, 188–189
binocular vision, 197–198
characteristics of color, 195–196
color vision, 195–197
common defects of image-forming
mechanism, 187–188
cone pigments, 192
cortical areas concerned with vision, 195
critical fusion frequency, 197
dark adaptation, 197
electrical responses, 189–190
eye movements, 199
image-forming mechanism, 186–189
ionic basis of photoreceptor potentials, 190
lesions in optic pathways, 198
melanopsin, 192
near point of, 189
neural mechanisms, 197
neural pathways, 184
pathways to cortex, 193–194
photoreceptor mechanism, 189–193
photosensitive compounds, 190–191
primary visual cortex, 194–195
principles of optics, 186–187
processing of visual information in retina,
192–193
protection, 184–186
pupillary reflexes, 189
receptors, 184
responses in visual pathways, cortex, 193–195
resynthesis of cyclic GMP, 192
retina, 182–194
retinal mechanisms, 196–197
rhodopsin, 190–192
superior colliculi, 199
visual fields, 197–198
Visual acuity, 182, 184
Visual agnosia, 155
Visual fields, 197–198
Visual pathways and cortex, 193–195
cortical areas concerned with vision, 195
pathways to cortex, 193–194
primary visual cortex, 194–195
Visual purple. See Rhodopsin
Visuospatial system, 292
Vitamin A, 191
synthesis of retinene 1 , 191
Vitamin D, 365–367
Vitamins, 24, 458, 464–466
absorption of, 458–459
Vitiligo, 380
Vitreous, 182
Vitreous humor, 182
VLDL. See Very low density lipoproteins
Volley effect, 211
Voltage-gated, 45
Volume conductor, 492
Volumetric ventricular relaxation, 509
Vomeronasal organ, 223
Vomiting, 473–475
von Willebrand factor, 74
VPL. See Ventral posterior lateral
V 2 receptors, 666
VR1, 168
VRL-1, 168
V-snare, 117
Vulnerable period, 501
V wave, 512, 549W
Wallerian degeneration, 82, 126
Warfarin, 535
Warmth receptors, 168
Water, 2–3
diuresis, 658excretion, 658–659
intake, factors regulating, 277
intoxication, 658–659
metabolism, 389
Water-hammer pulse, 512
Waterfall effect, 602
Weber–Fechner law, 153
Wenckebach phenomenon, 497
Wernicke’s area, 297
Wheal, 581
White blood cells, 522–523
platelets, 523
White rami communicans, 263
White reaction, 580
Whole cell recording, 45
Wilson disease, 252
Withdrawal, 179
Withdrawal bleeding, 417
Withdrawal reflex, 163–164
fractionation, 164
occlusion, 164
Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome, 501
Working memory, 290, 292
Wound healing, 75–77
local injury, 75–76
systemic response to injury, 76X
Xerophthalmia, 191Y
Yawning, 633
Yellow marrow, 522
Young–Helmholtz theory, 196Z
Zona fasciculata, 338
Zona glomerulosa, 338
Zona pellucida, 423
Zona reticularis, 338
Zonula adherens, 38
Zonula occludens, 38
Zonules, 181
Zymogen granules, 435