#elif, 607
#else, 607
#endif, 607
#if, 607
#if...#endif, debugging with, 608
#include, 31
nesting, 606
#undef, 610
ANSI standard, 816
disk drives
file stream buffers, 456
disk file streaming, 439
character input, 450
character output, 451
copying files, 467, 470
deleting files, 465-466
direct file I/O
fread() function, 453-455
fwrite() function, 452
EOF, 463-465
file buffering, 455-457
file types, 440
filenames, 440
formatted file input, 448
formatted file output, 446-448
opening files, 441-445
renaming files, 466-467
sequential versus random access, 457
fseek() function, 460, 463
ftell()/rewind() functions, 458-460
temporary files, 470-471
writing/reading, 445
displaying
strings, 235-237
times, 539
division operator (/), 67
do...while loop, 138-142. See also looping, 310
break statement, 310
continue statement, 312
structure, 139DOS
memory allocation, 571
printer output, 371-372
standard directory, 607
dot operator (.), 251-252, 767
double indirection operator (**), 388, 397
double quotation marks, format strings, 148
double type
converting strings to, 505
type promotion, 567
dynamic allocation, 230
dynamic memory allocation, 570
strings, 230-235E
echoing, 342
editors, 11
elements, 417
elements (arrays)
pointers to, 203-205
#elif directive, 607
#else directive, 607
ellipses (...)
function prototypes, 446
multi-variable functions, 523
else clause, 76-77
encapsulation
C#, 767
C++, 634-635
#endif directive, 607
EOF (end of file)
detecting, 463-465
fgets() function, 451
detecting, 463
equals operator (==), 72
equivalence of streams, 341
errno.h header file, 546902 directives51 448201x-Index 8/13/02 11:23 AM Page 902