PC Hardware A Beginner’s Guide

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 DRAM Integrity Mode Indicates whether the computer has error-correcting
code (ECC) memory.
 EDO DRAM Speed Selection Sets the access speed of EDO DRAM.
 SDRAM CAS (Column Access Strobe) Latency Time Sets the cycle count
controlling the access of SDRAM (synchronous DRAM).
 SDRAM RAS (Row Access Strobe) Precharge Time Used with the previous
feature, this option sets the cycle count used to refresh DRAM.
 SDRAM RAS-to-CAS Delay Controls the number of cycles between SDRAM
I/O operations.
 Memory Hole at 15M-16M Enables a 1MB block of empty RAM between the
fifteenth and sixteenth MB of system RAM, allowing legacy software to run on
systems with more than 16MB of RAM.
 AGP Aperture Size Enables and sets the size of an AGP (Accelerated
Graphics Port) port.
 CPU Waning Temperature Sets the temperature ranges (high and low) at
which CPU temperature warnings are triggered.
 Current CPU Temperature Enables the display of the CPU’s temperature.
 Shutdown Temperature Enables the system to shutdown if either of the high
and low CPU Warning Temperatures is reached.
 CPU FAN Turn On Speed Displays the speeds of the internal fan(s).
 IN0-IN6 (V) Displays the voltage of up to seven lines (IN0 through IN7).

NOTE: If you are just beginning to learn about computer hardware, you shouldn’t attempt to change
any of the advanced features in your PC. Seek help from an experienced, A+ Certified PC hardware
technician before modifying any of the advanced settings on your PC.

Plug and Play


Most newer processors, BIOSs, and operating systems support Plug and Play (PnP) hard-
ware options and include a special menu in the system setup program. If the operating sys-
tem does not support PnP options, but the BIOS does, or vice versa, the advanced settings for
PnPmayneedtobesetofforontomatchthecapabilitiesoftheBIOSandoperatingsystem.
Here are a few of the more common PnP options included on the Advanced Fea-
tures menu:


 Used Memory Length Defines how much high memory is to be allocated.
 Used Memory Base Address Sets a base memory address for peripheral
devices that require the use of high memory.
 Assign IRQ for USB If your computer has USB ports, this should be enabled.

Chapter 6: The BIOS and the Boot Process^123

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