0071643192.pdf

Anal Fissure Superficial linear tear in the anal canal; common in children and young adults; most common cause of rectal bleedin ...

■ Clinical symptoms of perforation: Fever, leukocytosis, abdominal pain, peritoneal signs, rectal bleeding ■ Radiographic signs ...

SYMPTOMS/ EXAM ■ Internal ■ Painless, bright-red rectal bleeding, mucous discharge, rectal dis- comfort ■ Characteristically see ...

SYMPTOMS/EXAM ■ A mass is noted in the rectum following defecation or straining, or even upon standing. ■ Other symptoms include ...

HEPATITISA RNA picornavirus; endemic worldwide; in the United States, over one-third of all urban-dwelling adults seropositive f ...

TREATMENT ■ Acute exposure/needlestick prophylaxis: The CDC recommends that hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) be given within 2 ...

DIAGNOSIS ■ Screening: HCV antibody ⊕4–6 weeks after infection) and qualitative PCR (in acute infection; can be ⊕ 1–2 weeks afte ...

DIAGNOSIS ■ Elevated LFTS, bilirubin, and serum gamma-globulins ■ ANA and anti–smooth muscle antibody+ DIFFERENTIAL ■ Viral hepa ...

■ Portal hypertension: Caput medusae, splenomegaly, ascites ■ Hepatic encephalopathy: Fetor hepaticus, asterixis, confusion DIFF ...

factors, including infection, GI bleeding, dehydration, hypokalemia, constipation/ ileus, hepatocellular carcinoma, dietary prot ...

SYMPTOMS/EXAM ■ Ill-appearing with fever; jaundice (if underlying biliary obstruction); abdominal pain ■ Tender, enlarged liver ...

■ Liver transplant or surgical resection can be curative for limited stages without extrahepatic metastasis. ■ Systemic chemothe ...

DIAGNOSIS ■ Liver function tests are normalin isolated cholelithiasis. ■ Plain X-rays are rarely diagnostic; only 10–15% of ston ...

EXAM ■ RUQ tenderness, inspiratory arrest during deep palpation to the RUQ (Murphy’s sign), fever, leukocytosis, mild icterus, a ...

Cholangitis Cholangitis is an acute bacterial infection of the biliary tree that commonly occurs secondary to obstruction, usual ...

Pseudomonas) are commonly identified pathogens. Risk factors include bile duct stricture, ampullary carcinoma, and pancreatic ps ...

ABDOMINAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL EMERGENCIES TABLE 11.14. Acute Versus Chronic Pancreatitis VARIABLE ACUTEPANCREATITIS CHRONICPANC ...

ABDOMINAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL EMERGENCIES DIFFERENTIAL Biliary colic, cholecystitis, mesenteric ischemia, intestinal obstructio ...

■ ARDS ■ Death predicted by Ranson criteria (see Table 11.15) Pancreatic Cancer Roughly 90% are pancreatic head adenocarcinomas. ...

MESENTERIC ISCHEMIA Mesenteric ischemia can be divided into arterial and venous disease as well as occlusive versus nonocclusive ...