0071643192.pdf

DIAGNOSIS ■ Suspect based on clinical presentation ■ Doppler ultrasound: Will confirm a decreased ankle brachial index(ABI) in t ...

ABI < 0.9 is seen in claudication. Diabetic patients may have a paradoxically normal ABI due to calcification and noncompress ...

Mild Hypertension Patients with persistent (not transient) mild elevations of BP without any evi- dence for end-organ damage SYM ...

It is a subjective determination, and there is no evidence-based data to guide management. SYMPTOMS/EXAM ■ Often asymptomatic, b ...

Stroke syndromes are often considered a form of hypertensive emergency, though the extreme elevations of BP may be a response to ...

DIAGNOSIS ■ Clinical exam or studies showing evidence of end-organ damage TREATMENT Hypertensive emergency mandates immediate tr ...

■ Nicardipene ■ Calcium channel blocker ■ ↓Peripheral vascular resistance ■ ↓Cerebral vasospasm (good for stroke syndromes) ■ Ni ...

■ Ventricular mechanoreceptors are stimulated. ■ Vagal tone and sympathetic tone ↓. ■ Syncope occurs. MYOCARDIALPERFUSIONIMAGING ...

SYNCOPE Syncope is defined as a transient loss of consciousness and postural tone with subsequent spontaneous recovery. It resul ...

DIAGNOSIS ■ A complete history and exam are critical to guide the ordering of tests. ■ ECG should be done in all cases to screen ...

■ History of congestive heart failure ■ Abnormal ECG ■ Syncope in supine position ■ Exertional syncope ■ Syncope associated with ...

SYMPTOMS/EXAM ■ Symptoms and physical examination are often nonspecific. ■ Unilateral limb swelling, pain ■ Tender palpable cord ...

■ Score≥2 indicates a high pretest riskfor DVT. ■ D-dimer ■ Fibrin breakdown product ■ Indicates presence of a clot (somewhere) ...

TABLE 2.30. Clinical Considerations in the Treatment of DVT Proximal DVT Immediate anticoagulation with heparin and warfarin unt ...

Pulmonary Embolism By far the most common source of PE is thrombus in the lower extremity deep venous system. Risk factors are t ...

CARDIOVASCULAR EMERGENCIES TABLE 2.31. Wells Clinical Prediction Rule for PE CLINICALFEATURE POINTS Clinical symptoms of DVT 3 O ...

■ V/Q scan ■ Matches inhaled radionuclide distribution (ventilation) to pulmonary vasculature radionuclide (perfusion). ■ Normal ...

DIFFERENTIAL ■ CHF ■ Renal disease ■ Lymphedema ■ Arterial insufficiency TREATMENT ■ Treat underlying condition. ■ Elevation ■ A ...

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CHAPTER 3 Trauma Hagop M. Afarian, MD, MS Initial Trauma—Stabilization and Resuscitation 143 Head Trauma 145 INTRACRANIALHEMORRH ...