0071643192.pdf

(Barré) #1
SYMPTOMS
■ Weakness
■ Slurred speech
■ Drowsiness →lethargy→coma and respiratory failure.

EXAM
■ Hyporeflexia
■ Cardiovascular
■ Hypotension
■ Prolonged PR and QT
■ ST and T-wave elevation
■ Bradycardia →AV block →asystole.

TREATMENT
■ Diuretics→calcium →dialysis for severe cases.

CHLORIDE

■ Extracellular anion that follows changes of other anions
■ Disorders in chloride are rarely the primary problem, but a reflection of
another process.
■ Chloride functions in water, osmotic, and acid-base balance.

Hypochloremia (Cl-<100 mEq/L)

CAUSES
■ Vomiting or diarrhea
■ Excessive sweating or heat exhaustion
■ Hyokalemic alkalosis
■ Acute infections

TREATMENT
■ Replace chloride with normal saline.
■ Check and correct for other associated electrolyte abnormalities.

Hyperchloremia (Cl->110 mEq/L)

CAUSES
■ Dehydration
■ Cardiac decompensation
■ Gastrointestinal or renal losses of bicarbonate

TREATMENT
■ For gastrointestinal loss administer saline.
■ For renal loss administer oral bicarbonate.

ENDOCRINE, METABOLIC, FLUID, AND


ELECTROLYTE DISORDERS

Always remember to regularly
check the reflexes of any
preeclamptic patient getting
magnesium. Decreased
reflexes indicate toxicity.

Hypochloremic hypokalemic
metabolic alkalosis is the
classic electrolyte disorder
seen with pyloric stenosis.
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