0071643192.pdf

NEUROLOGY

CRITICALSECONDARY REVERSIBLESECONDARY PRIMARYHEADACHE

CAUSES CAUSES SYNDROMES

Vascular Non-CNS infections Migraine

Subarachnoid hemorrhage Focal Tension

Intraparenchymal hemorrhage Systemic Cluster

Epidural hematoma Sinusitis

Subdural hematoma Odontogenic

Stroke Otic

Cavernous sinus thrombosis Drug-related

Arteriovenous malformation Chronic analgesic use

Temporal arteritis Monosodium glutamate

Carotid or vertebral artery Miscellaneous

dissection Post–lumbar puncture

CNS infection

Meningitis

Encephalitis

Cerebral abscess

Tumor

Pseudotumor cerebri

Ophthalmic

Glaucoma

Iritis

Optic neuritis

Drug-related

Nitrates and nitrites

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors

Alcohol withdrawal

Toxic

Carbon monoxide poisoning

Endocrine

Pheochromocytoma

Metabolic

Hypoxia

Hypoglycemia

Hypercapnia

High-altitude cerebral edema

Preeclampsia

(Reproduced, with permission, from Tintinalli JE, Kelen GD, Stapczynski JS. Emergency Medicine:
A Comprehensive Study Guide, 6th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2004:1376.)

TABLE 15.7. Etiologies of Headache

■ Polycystic kidney disease
■ Marfan syndrome
■ Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
■ AVMs