Notes on Sources
INTRODUCTION
1 Tolstoy’s classic novella: Leo Tolstoy, The
Death of Ivan Ilyich,1886 (Signet Classic, 1994).
3 I began writing: A. Gawande, Complications
(Metropolitan Books, 2002).
6 As recently as 1945: National Officeof Vital
Statistics, Vital Statistics of the United States, 1945
(Government Printing Office, 1947), p. 104,
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/vsus/vsus_1945_1.pdf.
6 In the1980s:J. Floryetal., “Place ofDeath:
U.S. Trends since 1980,” Health Affairs 23 (2004):
194–200, http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/23/3/
194.full.html.
6 AcrossnotjusttheUnitedStates:A.Kellehear,
ASocialHistoryofDying(CambridgeUniversityPress,
2007).
8 The late surgeon Sherwin Nuland: S. Nuland,
HowWeDie:ReflectionsonLife’sFinalChapter(Knopf,
1993).
1: THE INDEPENDENT SELF
17 Evenwhenthenuclearfamily:P.Thane,ed.,A
History of Old Age (John Paul Getty Museum Press,
2005).
17 one child usually remained: D. H. Fischer,
Growing Old in America: The Bland-Lee Lectures
DeliveredatClarkUniversity(OxfordUniversityPress,