CHAPTER 8. DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS
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ä()ÅçëαIÅçëβIÅçëγ
r
I=ÅçëOα+ÅçëOβ+ÅçëOγ=NK==
=
- aáîÉêÖÉåÅÉ=çÑ=~=sÉÅíçê=cáÉäÇ=
ò
o
ó
n
ñ
m
Çáîc c
∂
∂
+
∂
∂
+
∂
∂
=∇⋅ =
r r
=
=
- `ìêä=çÑ=~=sÉÅíçê=cáÉäÇ=
m n o
ñ ñ ñ
á à â
Åìêäc c
∂
∂
∂
∂
∂
∂
=∇× =
r r r
r r
=
â
ó
m
ñ
n
à
ñ
o
ò
m
á
ò
n
ó
o r r r
∂
∂
−
∂
∂
+
∂
∂
−
∂
∂
+
∂
∂
−
∂
∂
= =
=
- i~éä~Åá~å=léÉê~íçê=
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
ò
Ñ
ó
Ñ
ñ
Ñ
Ñ
∂
∂
+
∂
∂
+
∂
∂
∇ = =
=
- Çáî()Åìêäc=∇⋅(∇×c)≡M
r r
=
=
- Åìêä()Öê~ÇÑ =∇×(∇Ñ)≡M=
=
- Çáî()Öê~ÇÑ =∇⋅(∇Ñ)=∇OÑ=
=
- Åìêä()Åìêäc Öê~Ç(Çáîc) Oc ( c) Oc
r r r r r
= −∇ =∇∇⋅ −∇ =
=
=
