CHAPTER 9. INTEGRAL CALCULUS

Å~å=ÄÉ=ÅçãéìíÉÇ=Äó=ñ=ñ(ìIî)I=ó=ó(ìIî)=áåíç=íÜÉ=ÇÉÑáåá-

íáçå=çÑ=oK==

=

1088. 
      

      mçä~ê=`ççêÇáå~íÉë=
      ñ=êÅçëθI=óK===êëáåθ

      
      

=

=

Figure 195.

=

1089. 
      

      açìÄäÉ=fåíÉÖê~äë=áå=mçä~ê=`ççêÇáå~íÉë=

      
      

      qÜÉ=aáÑÑÉêÉåíá~ä=ÇñÇó=Ñçê=mçä~ê=`ççêÇáå~íÉë=áë==
      ()
      ()

      
      

θ= θ

∂ θ

∂

= ÇêÇ êÇêÇ

êI

ñIó

ÇñÇó K==

=

iÉí=íÜÉ=êÉÖáçå=o=áë=ÇÉíÉêãáåÉÇ=~ë=ÑçääçïëW=

MI=≤Ö()θ ≤ê≤Ü(θ) α≤θ≤βI=ïÜÉêÉ=β−α≤OK==π

qÜÉå==

() ( )

()

()

∫∫ ∫∫

β

α

θ

θ

= θ θ θ

Ü

o Ö

ÑK=ñIóÇñÇó ÑêÅçë Iêëáå êÇêÇ

=