228 CHAPTER 5 More HTML5
FIGURE 5-11 he rendered custom listTLesson summary
■■Semantic markup provides meaning to HTML elements to aid devices that consume
HTML content.
■■Nonvisual Desktop Access (NVDA) devices read and process webpages.
■■Content that needs to be styled but doesn’t clearly fit the meaning of any semantic
elements can be styled by wrapping it with a <div> or <span> element.
■■The <header> element defines a section that provides a header. The <footer> element
defines a section that provides a footer. The <nav> element defines a section that
houses a block of major navigational links. The <aside> element defines a section of
content that is separate from the content the <aside> element is in. The <section> ele-
ment defines part of the whole and is typically named with an <h1> to <h6> internal
element.
■■The <article> element is a unit of content that can stand on its own and be copied to
other locations. A blog post is a good example of an article.
■■The Web Accessible Initiative (WAI) specifies the Accessible Rich Internet Applications
(ARIA) suite, which is called WAI-ARIA. Use the WAI-ARIA role attribute to provide
meaning to elements that are not semantically defined.
■■In lieu of the <b> element, use the <strong> element. In lieu of the <i> element, use
the <em> element.