101.The answer is d.(Alberts, pp 1367–1368, 1375. Young, pp 11, 16, 78,
- Goldsby, pp 9, 33, 36–37, 76–78, 88–94.)The patient in the scenario
suffers from multiple myeloma with an increase in the number of plasma
cells responsible for producing immunoglobulins (antibodies). The cells
delineated by the arrows in the photomicrograph are plasma cells charac-
terized by eccentric nuclei with coarse granules of heterochromatin
arranged in a radial pattern about the nuclear envelope. Membrane-bound
ribosomes are extremely plentiful, providing the cytoplasm with a charac-
teristic intense basophilia. The ribosomes are involved in antibody produc-
tion, principally immunoglobulin G (IgG). The juxtanuclear region, which
does not stain, represents the Golgi complex, in which the antibodies are
processed for secretion. Plasma cells produce all the immunoglobulins—
IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, and IgE—and are derived from B lymphocytes. The dif-
ferentiation of plasma cells requires antigen-presenting cells (macrophages,
dendritic cells, or B cells that phagocytose and present antigen-MHC II
complex) and T helper (TH) cells. The function and origin of the connective
tissue cells are summarized in the table below.
190 Anatomy, Histology, and Cell Biology
Fibroblast Mesenchyme Synthesis of fibers (collagen, elastic,
reticular) and ground substance
(proteoglycans and glycoproteins of
connective tissue matrix)
Macrophages Monocyte Phagocytosis, antigen presentation,
(e.g., Kupffer (bone marrow) produce and respond to cytokines
cells, Langerhans
cells and
microglia)
Lymphocytes
T lymphocytes Bone marrow Cell-mediated immunity (CD 8 +) and
(thymus- helper T cells (CD 4 +)
educated)
CONNECTIVE TISSUE CELLS
Cell Type Origin Function
(Continued)