289.A 9-year-old girl is brought to your pediatric office by her mother
because the girl has been complaining about how sore her throat is, and the
mother has noticed that she has started to snore loudly at night. You exam-
ine the girl’s mouth and oral pharynx and you immediately discover the
likely source of the problem to be extremely large palatine tonsils. You sug-
gest surgical removal of the tonsils, but you do explain that there is a small
risk of the surgery, which may result in which of the following?
a. Loss in the ability to taste salt in the anterior two-thirds of the tongue
b. Loss in the ability to protrude her tongue, thus limiting her ability to lick an ice
cream cone
c. Weakness in the ability to open her mouth fully when eating an apple due to
damage to the innervation to the lateral pterygoid muscle
d. Loss in the ability to taste in the posterior one-third of the tongue and perhaps
some difficulty in swallowing
e. Weakened ability to move her jaw from side to side because of loss in innerva-
tion of the medial pterygoid muscle
290.The course of the vertebral arteries is best described by which of the
following statements?
a. They arise from the common carotid artery on the left and the brachiocephalic
artery on the right
b. They enter the cranium via the anterior condylar canals
c. They enter the cranium via the posterior condylar canals
d. They pass through the transverse processes of several cervical vertebrae
e. They directly give rise to the posterior cerebral arteries
414 Anatomy, Histology, and Cell Biology