0071509674.pdf

446.The answer is c.(Moore and Dalley, pp 436, 438.)Vaginal wall, bul-
bospongiosus, and superficial transverse perineal muscles. Both the pubo-
coccygeus and iliococcygeus muscle (answers a and b)are part of the
pelvic diaphragm and are much deeper muscles and thus would notbe cut.
The prepuce and rectus abdominis muscle (answer d)are superior and lat-
eral to the vagina and an episiotomy is performed in a posterior mediolat-
eral direction, notanterior mediolateral direction. Both the sacrospinous
and sacrotuberous ligaments (answer e)are much deeper structures,
which stabilize the pelvis and never cut during an episiotomy.

447.The answer is c. (Moore and Dalley, pp 392–393, 431, 452.)Lymph
drains from the testicles to preaortic nodes, because remember that the

Pelvis Answers 557

Kidneys Aorticorenal plexus, T12 Subcostal and pubic

Renal pelvis least splanchnic regions

Upper ureters nerve, white ramus of

T12, subcostal nerve

Descending colon Aortic plexus, lumbar L1–L2 Lumbar and inguinal

Sigmoid colon splanchnic nerves, regions, anterior

Midureters white rami of L1–L2, mons and labia,

Urinary bladder spinal nerves L1–L2 anterior scrotum,

Oviducts anterior thigh

Uterine body

None No white rami L3–S1 No visceral pain refers

between L3–S1 to dermatomes L3–S1

Cervix Pelvic plexus, pelvic S2–S4 Perineum, thigh,

Pelvic ureters splanchnic nerves, lateral leg and foot

Epididymis spinal nerves S2–S4

Vas deferens

Seminal vesicles

Prostate gland

Rectum

Proximal anal canal

PELVIC VISCERAL AFFERENT INNERVATION

Organ Afferent Pathway Level Referral areas

445.The answer is d.(Moore and Dalley, p 425.)See table below: