- In the male,palpable during a digital rectal examare posterior and lat-
eral lobes of the prostate gland,seminal vesicles if enlarged, and blad-
der when filling. - Each uterine arterycrosses immediatelysuperior to a ureterin the
transverse cervical ligament—an important surgical consideration. - Normal uterine position is anteflexed (uterus bent forward on itself at
the level of the internal os) and anteverted (angled approximately 90°
anterior to the vagina), lying on the urinary bladder. - In the female, palpable per vaginaare the cervix and ostium of the
uterus, the body of the uterus if retroverted, the rectouterine fossa, and
variably the ovary and uterine tubes. - The lymphatic drainage from the vaginais by three routes: the exter-
nal and internal iliac nodes from the upper portion of the vagina; and the
internal iliac nodes as well as the superficial inguinal nodes from the
lowest third.
60 Anatomy, Histology, and Cell Biology
Testes and ovaries T10–T12: umbilical Gonadal nerves to aortic plexus and then
and pubic regions to lesser and least splanchnic nerves
Middle ureters, L1–L2: pubic and Hypogastric plexus to aortic plexus and
urinary inguinal regions, then to lumbar splanchnic nerves
bladder, uterine anterior scrotum or
body, uterine labia, anterior thigh
tubes
Rectum, superior S3–S5: perineum Pelvic plexus to pelvic splanchnic nerves
anal canal, pelvic and posterior thigh
ureters, cervix,
epididymis,
vas deferens,
seminal vesicles,
prostate glandPAIN REFERRAL FROM PELVIC VISCERA
Organ Referral Area Pathway