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7.2.2 The Organism and its Characteristics Members of the genusBacillusare Gram-positive, aerobic, spore-form- ing rods, though ...

Both syndromes are caused by distinct enterotoxins (Table 7.2). A number of toxins have been associated with the diarrhoeal synd ...

o1 h up to 11 h) suggest an intoxication, though no toxin has been isolated and described as yet. 7.2.4 Isolation and Identifica ...

crenated colonies which retain the turquoise-blue of the pH indicator (bromothymol blue) due to their inability to ferment manni ...

Restaurant Syndrome’. The typical scenario is where rice is prepared in bulk, in advance. Spores, commonly those of the more hea ...

illness has been effectively eliminated from the United States, Scandinavia, the UK and other countries by campaigns to eradicat ...

organism grows slowly and cultures are normally incubated for three weeks before they are considered negative. In view of this, ...

TheCampylobacter-like genusArcobacteris frequently associated with abortion and enteritis in cattle and pigs. Two species,Arcoba ...

months. They are also particularly sensitive to other adverse conditions such as drying and reduced pH. The principal environmen ...

Complications are rare although reactive arthritis can develop and Campylobacterhas been shown to cause the serious neurological ...

campylobacters possess catalase and superoxide dismutase, the accumu- lation of peroxides and superoxide in media during storage ...

can be acquired by a number of routes. Direct transmission person- to-person or from contact with infected animals, particularly ...

fresh milk do not pose a threat due to the low resistance ofCampylobacter to conditions of reduced pH oraw. Other foods recogniz ...

and their processing offer conditions suitable for survival and growth of the causative organism. It was identified with icthyis ...

Table 7.4 The physiological subdivision of Clostridium botulinum Group Toxin types Proteolytic Lipolytic Saccharolytic Psychrotr ...

by salt (Table 7.4). The rate of growth and toxin production at the lower temperature limit is slow and will be reduced still fu ...

organisms, yeasts or moulds, growing in the product and increasing the pH. The maximum pH for growth is 8.5–8.9 and the toxin is ...

The botulinum toxins are the most toxic substances known, with a lethal dose for an adult human in the order of 10
^8 g. They ar ...

The endopeptidase then cleaves components of the docking and fusing complex of the synaptic vesicle, the vesicle that contains t ...

7.5.4 Isolation and Identification In view of the metabolic diversity within the species selective media are of limited use in t ...