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(2) The food receives some treatment that restricts the competitive microflora and, in normal circumstances, should also control ...

involving vegetables. This compares with 55 outbreaks over the same period caused by commercially canned products; the majority ...

Fish can be contaminated withC. botulinum, particularly type E, from the aquatic environment and uncooked fish products have bee ...

vehicle was hazelnut yoghurt. The pH of yoghurt is too low for toxin productionin situ, but the toxin (type B) had been produced ...

by attacking cell membranes it produces local tissue disruption in the wound and its absorption into the circulation causes a se ...

7.6.2 The Organism and its Characteristics Clostridium perfringensis a Gram-positive, rod-shaped anaerobe which forms oval subte ...

important structural component, and is released into the intestinal lumen on lysis of the sporangium. Toxin production can also ...

The most commonly employed selective plating media used to enu- merateC. perfringens employ antibiotic(s) as the selective agent ...

(iv) the product is either served cold or reheated insufficiently to kill the vegetative cells. Some of the ingested cells survi ...

cloacaedistinguishable from other members of the species by production of a yellow water diffusible pigment on tryptone soy agar ...

established as a common cause of infection although occasional cases in adults and infants not exposed to powdered infant formul ...

ETEC is also frequently associated with so-called traveller’s diarrhoea. However since 1982, enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) p ...

Since production of mixed acids and acetoin are alternative pathways for the metabolism of pyruvate, most species of the Enterob ...

The ingested organism resists expulsion from the small intestine with the rapidly flowing chyme by adhering to the epithelium th ...

7.8.3.3 Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC). When the properties of ETEC and EIEC were established it was noted that these strains w ...

Haemorrhagic colitis is typically a self-limiting, acute, bloody diar- rhoea lasting 4–10 days. Symptoms start with stomach cram ...

in 28S rRNA thus stopping protein synthesis in the cell. Stx 2 also comprises an A and B subunit but these are larger than in St ...

Identification of diarrhoeagenicE. colican be based on detection of their associated virulence factors. For example, procedures ...

steaks can often be consumed safely when the interior is undercooked, this is because microbial contamination is usually a surfa ...

techniques towards greater use of big-bale ensilage. In big-bale ensilage, the silage is made in large plastic bags rather than ...